chapter 3 : image
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 3IMAGE
![Page 2: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives• Discuss the various factors that apply to the use of
images in multimedia.• Describe the capabilities and limitations of bitmap
images.• Describe the capabilities and limitations of vector
images.• Define various aspects of 3D modeling.• Describe the use of colors and palettes in multimedia.• Cite the various file types used in multimedia.
![Page 3: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview
• Creation of multimedia images.• Creation of still images.• Colors and palettes in multimedia.• Image file types used in multimedia.
![Page 4: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Creation of multimedia imagesCreation of multimedia images• Images obviously play a very important role in
multimedia products– Images may be photograph-like bitmaps, vector-based drawings, or 3D
renderings
• The type of still images created depends on the display resolution, and hardware and software capabilities.
• Access to the right tools and right hardware for image development is important!– E.g., graphic designers like to have large, high-resolution monitors or
multiple monitors
![Page 5: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Still ImagesTypes of Still Images
Still images are generated in two ways:– Bitmaps (or raster-based) .– Vector-drawn graphics.
![Page 6: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bitmaps• Bitmap is derived from the words ‘bit’, which means
the simplest element in which only two digits are used, and ‘map’, which is a two-dimensional matrix of these bits.
• A bitmap is a data matrix describing the individual dots of an image that are the smallest elements (pixels) of resolution on a computer screen or printer.
![Page 7: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Example
![Page 8: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bitmaps
• Bitmaps are an image format suited for creation of:– Photo-realistic images.– Complex drawings.– Images that require fine detail.
• Bitmapped images are known as paint graphics.
• Bitmapped images can have varying bit and color depths.
![Page 9: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bitmaps
Available binary Combinations for Describing a Color
• More bits provide more color depth, hence more photo-realism; • but require more memory and processing power
![Page 10: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Monochrome just requires one bit per pixel, representing black or white
BMP – 16 KB
![Page 11: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• 8 bits per pixel allows 256 distinct colors
BMP – 119KB
![Page 12: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• 16 bits per pixel represents 32K distinct colors (Most graphic chipsets now supports the full 65536 colors and the color green uses the extra one bit)
BMP – 234 KB
![Page 13: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• 24 bits per pixel allows millions of colors
• 32 bits per pixel – trillion of colors
BMP – 350KB
![Page 14: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Bitmaps are best for photo-realistic images or complex drawings requiring fine detail
![Page 15: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Bitmaps picture and their suitability of use:-– Use the native Microsoft bmp format as a raw image that will later be
processed. It faster to process.– Use JPEG, for photo sharing on the web because of its size and quality.
– GIF is normally used for diagrams, buttons, etc., that have a small number of colours
• It is also suitable for simple animation because it supports interlaced images.
– PNG is almost equal to gif except that it didn’t support the animation format.
![Page 16: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bitmaps
Bitmaps can be inserted by:– Using clip art galleries.– Using bitmap software.– Capturing and editing images.– Scanning images.
Clip Art
CaptureScan
Drawn
![Page 17: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Using Clip Art GalleriesUsing Clip Art Galleries• A clip art gallery is an assortment of graphics, photographs,
sound, and video.
• Clip arts are a popular alternative for users who do not want to create their own images.
• Clip arts are available on CD-ROMs and on the Internet.• Legal rights :
1)1) Public domain imagePublic domain image2)2) Royalty free imageRoyalty free image3)3) Right Managed ImageRight Managed Image
![Page 18: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Using Bitmap SoftwareUsing Bitmap Software
The industry standard for bitmap painting and editing programs are:
• Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator.Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator.• Macromedia's Fireworks.Macromedia's Fireworks.• Corel's Painter.Corel's Painter.• CorelDraw.CorelDraw.• Quark Express.Quark Express.
![Page 19: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Capturing and Editing ImagesCapturing and Editing Images• Capturing and storing images directly from the
screen is another way to assemble images for multimedia.
• The PRINT SCREEN PRINT SCREEN button in Windows and COMMAND-CONTROL-SHIFT-4 COMMAND-CONTROL-SHIFT-4 keystroke on the Macintosh copies the screen image to the clipboard.
• Clipboard : a temporary memory to store the COPY, CUT COPY, CUT and PASTEPASTE data
![Page 20: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Capturing and Editing Images Capturing and Editing Images
Image editing programs enable the user to:– Enhance and make composite images.Enhance and make composite images.– Alter and distort images.Alter and distort images.– Add and delete elements.Add and delete elements.– Morph (manipulate still images to create animated Morph (manipulate still images to create animated
transformations).transformations).
High Resolution Image : based on dot per inch (dpi) & effect file size
![Page 21: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
High Resolution PhotoHigh Resolution Photo
High resolution photoHigh resolution photo• A high resolution picture is determined by its number of pixels; more pixels improves the sharpness of the picture.
• This is print quality
Low resolution photoLow resolution photo• Any pictures found on the web normally are low resolution and not suitable for print quality.
• A picture that is low-resolution cannot be made into a high resolution photo
![Page 22: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scanning ImagesScanning Images
• Users can scan images from conventional sources and make necessary alterations and manipulations.
![Page 23: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Example of MorphingExample of Morphing
![Page 24: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Example of Morphing
![Page 25: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Example of Morphing
![Page 26: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Applications Applications of Vector-Drawn of Vector-Drawn ImagesImages
• Vector-drawn images - created from geometric objects such as lines, rectangles, ovals, polygons using mathematical formulas
• Vector-drawn images are used in the following areas:– Computer-aided design (CAD) programs.– Graphic artists designing for the print media.– 3-D animation programs.– Applications requiring drawing of graphic shapes.
![Page 27: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HowHow Vector-Drawn Images Work Vector-Drawn Images Work• A vector is a line that is described by the location of location of
its two endpoints.its two endpoints.• Vector drawing makes use of Cartesian co-ordinatesmakes use of Cartesian co-ordinates.• Cartesian coordinates are numbers that describe a
point in two or three-dimensional space as the intersection of X, Y, and Z axis.
X
Y
Z
![Page 28: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• ExampleRECT 0,0,200,300,RED,BLUE says
– “Draw a rectangle starting at 0,0 (upper left corner of screen) going 200 pixels horizontally right and 300 pixels downward, with a RED boundary and filled with BLUE.”
300 pixel
200 pixel
![Page 29: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Vector-Drawn Images Vector-Drawn Images v/sv/s BitmapsBitmaps
• Vector images use less memory space and have a smaller file size (.svg) as compared to bitmaps.
• For the Web, pages that use vector graphics in plug-ins download faster, and when used for animation, draw faster than bitmaps.
![Page 30: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Vector images cannot be used for photorealistic images.
• Vector images require a plug-in for Web-based display.
• Bitmaps are not easily scalable and resizable.
• Bitmaps can be converted to vector images using autotracing.
Vector-Drawn Images Vector-Drawn Images v/sv/s BitmapsBitmaps
![Page 31: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3-D Drawing and Rendering3-D Drawing and Rendering
• 3D graphics tools, such as Macromedia Extreme3D, or Form-Z, typically extend vector-drawn graphics in 3 dimensions (x, y and z)
XyZ
![Page 32: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3-D Drawing and Rendering3-D Drawing and Rendering• A 3D scene consist of object that in turn contain many
small elements, such as blocks, cylinders, spheres or cones (described in terms of vector graphics)
• The more elements, the finer the object’s resolution and smoothness.
![Page 33: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3-D Drawing and Rendering3-D Drawing and Rendering• Objects as a whole have properties such as
shape, color, texture, shading & location.• A 3D application lets you model an object’s
shape, then render it completely.
![Page 34: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Features of a 3-D ApplicationFeatures of a 3-D Application
1. Modeling involves drawing a shape, such as a 2D letter, then extruding it or lathing it into a third dimension. – extruding : extending its shape along a defined path– lathing : rotating a profile of the shape around a
defined axis
![Page 35: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Features of a 3-D ApplicationFeatures of a 3-D Application
• Modeling also deals with lighting, setting a camera view to project shadows
![Page 36: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Features of a 3-D ApplicationFeatures of a 3-D Application2.Rendering : produces a final output of a
scene and is more compute-intensive.
![Page 37: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
3-D Animation Tools 3-D Animation Tools
3-D animation, drawing, and rendering tools include:– Ray Dream Designer.Ray Dream Designer.– Caligari True Space 2.Caligari True Space 2.– Specular Infini-D.Specular Infini-D.– Form*Z.Form*Z.– NewTek's Lightwave.NewTek's Lightwave.
![Page 38: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Natural Light and ColorNatural Light and Color• Light comes from an atom where an electron passes from a higher
to a lower energy level.
• Each atom produces uniquely specific colors.
• Color is the frequency of a light wave within the narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum, to which the human eye responds.
• Eye can differentiate 80,000 different colors.
• Color and Culture
• Color and Emotion
![Page 39: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Color and Culture Color and Culture
COLOR CHINA JAPAN EGYPT FRANCE UNITED STATE
Red Happiness Anger Danger
Death Aristocracy Danger Stop
Blue Heavens Clouds
Villainy Virtue Faith Truth
Freedom Peace
Masculine
Green Ming Dynasty Heavens
Future Youth Energy
Fertility Strength
Criminality Safety Go
Yellow Birth Wealth Power
Grace Nobility
Happiness Prosperity
Temporary Cowardice Temporary
White Death Purity
Death Joy Neutrality Purity
![Page 40: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Color and EmotionColor and Emotion
EMOTION COLOR EMOTION COLOR
Happy Yellow Inexpensive Brown
Pure White Powerful Red
Good Luck Green Dependable Blue
Good Red High Quality Black
Dignity Purple Nausea Green
High Technology Silver Deity White
Sexiness Red Bad Luck Black
Mourning Black Favorite Color Blue
Expensive Gold Least Favorite Color Orange
![Page 41: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Computererized ColorComputererized Color• The tools we use to describe color are different when the
color is printed than from when it is projected
• 2 basic method of making color– Additive– Subtractive C
olor
Col
or
![Page 42: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Additive ColorAdditive Color
• In the additive color method, a color is created by combining colored light sources in three primary colors - red, green, and blue (RGB).
• OLD TV and computer monitors use this method.
![Page 43: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Subtractive ColorSubtractive Color
• In the subtractive color method, color is created by combining colored media such as paints or ink.
• The colored media absorb (or subtract) some parts of the color spectrum of light and reflect the others back to the eye.
![Page 44: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Subtractive ColorSubtractive Color
• Subtractive color is the process used to create color in printing.
• The printed page consists of tiny halftone dots of three primary colors- cyan (complement of Red), magenta (complement of Green), and yellow (Complement of Blue) (CMY).
![Page 45: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Monitor-Specific ColorsMonitor-Specific Colors
• Colors should be used according to the target audience's monitor specifications.
• The preferred monitor resolution is higher 1024x768 pixels and higher.
• The preferred color depth is 24 bits or more which can display 16,777,216 different colors .
![Page 46: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Computer Color ModelsComputer Color Models
• Different ways of representing information about color.
• Models used to specify color in computer terms are:– RGB model - A 24-bit methodology where color is specified in terms of red,
green, and blue values ranging from 0 to 255.– HSB and HSL models – Color is specified as an angle from 0 to 360 degrees on
a color wheel.– Other models include CMYK, CIE, YIQ, YUV, and YCC.
![Page 47: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
RGB ModelRGB Model Add red, green and blue to create colors, so it is an
additive model. Assigns an intensity value to each pixel ranging from
0 (black) to 255 (white) A bright red color might have R 246, G 20, B 50
![Page 48: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
RGB Color ModelRGB Color Model
![Page 49: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
HSB and HSL Color ModelsHSB and HSL Color Models
• Based on human perception of color, three fundamental properties of color:
– Hue – angle of 0 -360 degrees – Saturation – intensity of color (%)– Brightness / Lightness - relative lightness or
darkness of color (%)
![Page 50: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
HSB and HSL Color ModelsHSB and HSL Color Models• Hue - color reflected from or transmitted through an
object, measured on color wheel
![Page 51: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
HSB and HSL ColorModelHSB and HSL ColorModel• Saturation (or chroma) - strength or purity of color
(% of grey in proportion to hue)
![Page 52: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
HSB ModelHSB Model• Brightness - relative lightness or darkness of color, also
measured as %
Black white
0% 50% 100%
![Page 53: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
CMYK ModelCMYK Model• Based on light-absorbing quality of ink printed on paper• As light is absorbed, part of the spectrum is absorbed and part
is reflected back to eyes• Associated with printing; called a modsubtractive model• Four channels: Cyan (C ), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K)
In theory, pure colors should produce black, but printing inks contain impurities, so this combination produces muddy brown
K is needed to produce pure black, hence CMYK is four-color process printing
![Page 54: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Color Palettes Color Palettes • Palettes are mathematical tables that
define the color of pixels displayed on the screen.
• Palettes are called ‘color lookup tables’ or CLUTs on Macintosh.
• The most common palettes are 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24-bit deep.
![Page 55: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Color Palettes Color Palettes
![Page 56: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
DitheringDithering
Dithering:– Dithering is a process whereby the color value of
each pixel is changed to the closest matching color value in the target palette.
– This is done using a mathematical algorithm.
![Page 57: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Dithering
Original Picture Undeterred Picture Deterred Picture
![Page 58: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Image File Types used in Image File Types used in Multimedia Multimedia
• Macintosh formats.• Windows formats.• Cross-platform formats.
![Page 59: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Macintosh FormatsMacintosh Formats
• On the Macintosh, the most commonly used format is PICT.
• PICT is a complicated and versatile format developed by Apple.
• Almost every image application on the Macintosh can import or export PICT files.
![Page 60: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Windows FormatsWindows Formats
• The most commonly used image file format on Windows is DIB or known as BMP.
• DIB stands for Device-independent bitmaps.
![Page 61: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Bitmap formats used most often by Windowsdevelopers are:
– BMP - A Windows bitmap file.BMP - A Windows bitmap file.• Native bitmap file format of the Microsoft Windows environment
– TIFF - Extensively used in DTP packages.TIFF - Extensively used in DTP packages.• Used to exchange documents between different applications and
platforms
– PCX - Used by MS-DOS paint software.PCX - Used by MS-DOS paint software.• One of the oldest bitmapped formats popularized by MS-DOS paint
programs that first appeared in the early 1980's
![Page 62: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Cross-Platform FormatsCross-Platform Formats
The image file formats that are compatible across platforms are:
• DXF, IGS or IGES - Used by CAD applications.• CDR – CorelDraw, PSD – Photoshop n AI - Illustrator • JPEG, PNG and GIF - Most commonly used formats on
the Web.
![Page 63: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Most Popular Image File FormatsMost Popular Image File Formats
• JPEG (Joint-Photographic Experts Group)• GIF (Graphical Interchange Format)• PNG (Portable Network Graphic)• Other formats:
–BMP, PSD, TIFF/TIF, TGA, EPS, PCX, ICO
![Page 64: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Most Popular Image File FormatsMost Popular Image File Formats
• JPEG– For continuous tone images, such as full-color
photographs– Supports more than 16 millions of color (24-bit)– Uses lossy compression (averaging may lose
information)
![Page 65: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• GIF– For large areas of the same color and a moderate
level of detail.– Supports up to 256 colors– Allows transparency and interlacing– Uses lossless compression
Most Popular Image File FormatsMost Popular Image File Formats
![Page 66: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
• PNG lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of
raster images patent-free replacement for GIF also replace many common uses of TIFF Support indexed-color, grayscale, and true color
images + an optional alpha channel for transparency
Most Popular Image File FormatsMost Popular Image File Formats
![Page 67: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Information DeliveryInformation Delivery Images or Graphics are used to convey information in
multimedia products. For example, a picture of an automobile engine is much
more effective than text that merely describes it.
![Page 68: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Images or Graphics for information delivery include:
Drawn images
Charts and graphs
Maps
Scenery
People
Information DeliveryInformation Delivery
![Page 69: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
In each case, the image must be relevant to the overall product.
Image size, color in respect to the application and other images, and positioning must all be considered when using images.
Information DeliveryInformation Delivery
![Page 70: Chapter 3 : IMAGE](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062822/587ae1de1a28ab542b8b67fd/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
SummarySummary
• The computer generates still images as bitmaps and vector-drawn images.
• Images can be incorporated in multimedia using clip arts, bitmap software, or by capturing, editing, or scanning images.
• Creating 3-D images involves modeling, extruding, lathing, shading, and rendering.
• Color is one of the most vital components of multimedia.