Chapter 3Chapter 3

Earth’s Human GeographyEarth’s Human Geography

A. PopulationA. Population1.1. Population distributionPopulation distribution varies over varies over

the entireEarththe entireEarth

2.2. People move People move for many reasonsfor many reasons

a.a. Look for better lifeLook for better life

b.b. Forced to moveForced to move

c.c. Historically, most people lived on farmsHistorically, most people lived on farms

d.d. After 1800’s, Industrial Revolution made After 1800’s, Industrial Revolution made transportation better, people moved to transportation better, people moved to citiescities

3.3. Population DensityPopulation Density – accounts for – accounts for how crowded some places arehow crowded some places are

a.a. Varies from one place to anotherVaries from one place to another

4. Population Growth – we look at 4. Population Growth – we look at birthrate and death rate to explain birthrate and death rate to explain population growthpopulation growth

a.a. Growth was very slow at firstGrowth was very slow at first

b.b. Scientific progress in farming technology Scientific progress in farming technology and medicine caused increase in growth and medicine caused increase in growth after 1700’safter 1700’s

a.a. Vaccines and sanitary practicesVaccines and sanitary practices

b.b. Challenges – food, housing, medical treatmentChallenges – food, housing, medical treatment

1.1. People are continually moving to new People are continually moving to new placesplaces

a.a. Immigrants leave their countries voluntarilyImmigrants leave their countries voluntarily

b.b. Push pullPush pull theory theory- They are pushed out by hardshipsThey are pushed out by hardships- Pulled to a new place with hope of better lifePulled to a new place with hope of better life

c.c. Migration today based on same principlesMigration today based on same principles

d.d. Involuntary migrationInvoluntary migration – people do not – people do not choose to movechoose to move- Trans-Atlantic slave trade – largest involuntary - Trans-Atlantic slave trade – largest involuntary

migration in historymigration in history

B. MigrationB. Migration

2.2. UrbanizationUrbanization – people have moved – people have moved from farms to citiesfrom farms to cities

a.a. At first many moved to cities hoping for At first many moved to cities hoping for jobs, better way of lifejobs, better way of life

b.b. Eventually, people wanted to be out of Eventually, people wanted to be out of city, but still close – suburbscity, but still close – suburbs

c.c. Other countries – some are just now Other countries – some are just now moving to citiesmoving to cities

- Moving very fast, causing problems Moving very fast, causing problems (overcrowding)(overcrowding)- Traffic jams, not enough food, housing, medical Traffic jams, not enough food, housing, medical

facilities facilities

C. Economic C. Economic SystemsSystems

1.1. EconomyEconomy – people make, exchange – people make, exchange and use things of value and use things of value

a.a. ProducersProducers – owners; – owners; consumersconsumers – users – users

b.b. 3 questions: What is produced?, how is it 3 questions: What is produced?, how is it produced?.. and For whom is it produced?produced?.. and For whom is it produced?

c.c. 3 types3 types::- Private ownership – Private ownership – capitalismcapitalism- Central government ownership – Central government ownership – communismcommunism- Both private & government – mixed economyBoth private & government – mixed economy

d.d. LevelsLevels – – developeddeveloped and and developingdeveloping nationsnations

2.2. World Trade PatternsWorld Trade Patterns – countries – countries create alliances for many reasonscreate alliances for many reasons

a.a. Trade alliancesTrade alliances – countries with different – countries with different economic specialties help each othereconomic specialties help each other- NAFTA, WTO- NAFTA, WTO

b.b. Countries grow dependent on each other Countries grow dependent on each other for their goods/special productsfor their goods/special products

D. Political D. Political SystemsSystems

1.1. There are many types of governmentsThere are many types of governmentsa.a. Direct democracyDirect democracy – all adults took place in gov. – all adults took place in gov.

- historic, often limited to adult males, New Englandhistoric, often limited to adult males, New England

b.b. Tribal ruleTribal rule – decisions made by tribal elder – decisions made by tribal elder based on beliefs of tribebased on beliefs of tribe

c.c. Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy – king or queen inherits – king or queen inherits throne & makes all decisionthrone & makes all decision

d.d. DictatorshipDictatorship – one person has total power, – one person has total power, usually taken by forceusually taken by force

e.e. OligarchyOligarchy – small group of people control – small group of people control governmentgovernment

- Based on political, religious, common interestBased on political, religious, common interest

f.f. Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy – gov. with – gov. with constitution that limits monarch’s power and constitution that limits monarch’s power and gives it to peoplegives it to people

g.g. Representative DemocracyRepresentative Democracy – run by – run by representatives that the people chooserepresentatives that the people choose

2.2. Governments rule Governments rule statesstates – which is any – which is any region that shares a governmentregion that shares a government

a.a. Historically – Historically – city-statescity-states grew first and had first grew first and had first governmentsgovernments

b.b. Sometimes were taken over or grew into Sometimes were taken over or grew into empiresempires

3.3. International Organizations –made up of International Organizations –made up of countries (allies) working together for many countries (allies) working together for many reasonsreasons

- Trade (NAFTA, WTO) Trade (NAFTA, WTO) - Defense (NATO)Defense (NATO)- Humanitarian (UNICEF)Humanitarian (UNICEF)- Economic (OPEC)Economic (OPEC)