Chapter 3 – Chapter 3 – Dynamics and Dynamics and

DiversityDiversity

Instructor: Wendy CrapoInstructor: Wendy Crapo

a. Technology

b. School

c. Crime

d. Family rituals

e. Extended

families

f. Neighbors

g. Divorce rate

h. Parents at

work

i. Religion

List differences between 1959 and 2000 in:

HISTORYHISTORY COLONIAL• Strong morals & high value on

marriage, marriages were stable with strong extended families.

• Families = economic units

• Children = believed to be evil by nature & economic assets

• Adolescents = didn’t exist (short childhood to adulthood)

• Afro American families unique: due to slavery (marriage prohibited thus created their own)

• Native Americans: small families, high mortality rate

• No physical discipline but shamed publicly

• Many ceremonies and rituals.

Industrialization = changeIndustrialization = change Shift from self sacrificing to Shift from self sacrificing to individualismindividualism Shift from self sufficient farmer to Shift from self sufficient farmer to wage wage earnerearner Men were “Bread Winners” doing real Men were “Bread Winners” doing real work work with higher status than womenwith higher status than women Women were “Homemakers” creating Women were “Homemakers” creating

children that were not dependent children that were not dependent on on father = less controlfather = less control

Families = emotional support/care for Families = emotional support/care for youngyoung

Creation of adolescents & dependence Creation of adolescents & dependence on on familyfamily Education in school, not the familyEducation in school, not the family Married for love and lower birthrates.Married for love and lower birthrates.

1919thth CenturyCentury

Families lost traditional Families lost traditional economic, economic, education and education and welfare functions = welfare functions = filled filled emotional needs mainlyemotional needs mainly 1920 Companionate marriage 1920 Companionate marriage = = spouses shared tasks and spouses shared tasks and

decisions decisions Marriage = romance & sexual Marriage = romance & sexual

fulfillmentfulfillment Women no longer guardians Women no longer guardians of of virtue and sexual virtue and sexual restraint.restraint. Children to experience world Children to experience world and not and not be protected.be protected. Children treated more Children treated more democratically & could express democratically & could express emotions. emotions.

20 20 CENTURYCENTURY

Women went to work.Women went to work. 1950’s – Exceptional 1950’s – Exceptional “Golden Age”.“Golden Age”. Baby boom, decline Baby boom, decline in divorce, prosperity.in divorce, prosperity. 1970’s – Dual income 1970’s – Dual income families.families. Married later & Married later & fewer children.fewer children. Shift from self Shift from self sacrifice to sacrifice to individualism.individualism. Immigrants Immigrants experience experience impoverishment but impoverishment but survived due to survived due to familiesfamilies

DepressioDepressionn

1. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY

a. Lower birthrate

b. Later marriage

c. Increased divorce

d. Increased cohabitation

e. Live longer

Factors Promoting Change

1. Economics – women worked = conflict

2. Technology – computers, appliances

3. Gender roles – struggle for equity

CHANGING FAMILY

Top Disciplinary Problems Top Disciplinary Problems According to Public School According to Public School

TeachersTeachers• Talking out of turnTalking out of turn• Chewing gumChewing gum• Making noiseMaking noise• Running in hallsRunning in halls• Cutting in lineCutting in line• Dress code Dress code

infractioninfraction• LitteringLittering

• Drug abuseDrug abuse• Alcohol abuseAlcohol abuse• PregnancyPregnancy• SuicideSuicide• RapeRape• RobberyRobbery• AssaultAssault

Economics – Need or single parent.

Changing gender roles – personal fulfillment.

Family life cycle changes – live longer and fewer children.

1. Leaves 25 years for a woman to work.

3. DUAL INCOME

Insert #4

Insert #5

Family cycle changes (cont.)

Suggestions:1. Define situation.2. Set priorities.3. Compartmentalize work and family

roles.4. Compromise careers.5. Reorganize.6. Get organized7. Strengthen marriage.8. Buy time.9. Establish like friendships.10. Negotiate work arrangements.

In many ways families are better:

• 1. Men are better fathers• 2. Women get more respect• 3. Women have economic clout• 4. Women enjoy fulfilling careers• 5. Children learning new values about

men/women’s roles• 6. Day care creates a new social life

for children and parents• 7. Marriage of equals• 8. Family ties come first

4. SOCIAL CLASS VARIATIONS

Upper class – 3% of population

Wealth and prestige Middle class – largest Working class

Voiced with no assets

Lower class 15% of the population

Under skilled and underemployed

SOCIAL CLASS SOCIAL CLASS VARIATIONSVARIATIONS

1. Class affects health, politics, safety, longevity, religion.

2 Marriage

a. Upper class = less equitable

b. Middle = equalitarian & dual incomes

c. Lower = feminization of poverty

3. Children

a. Upper = boarding school

b. Middle = Autonomy

c. Lower = Compliance and single parents

4. Extended Families

a. Upper = name and ancestry

b. Middle = fewer family ties

c. Lower = Kin ties economically

RACIAL & ETHNIC DIVERSITYRACIAL & ETHNIC DIVERSITY

Is social & economical mobility available to all citizens of the US (American Dream)? Discuss

AgreeDisagree

AFRICAN AMERICAN Economically disadvantaged

High unwed mother rate

High diversity

Value: Kinship relationships & children

Dual income common

LATINO LATINO AMERICANAMERICAN

Fastest growing and largest ethnic group

1. Due to immigration and high birth rate.

2. White is largest, displaced blacks as second.• Value: Extended kinship relationships, cooperation• Characteristics

1. Mutual assistance between extended family and children

2. Bilingualism maintains identity

3. Catholicism

ASIAN AMERICANASIAN AMERICAN New generation accepting different values than the old generation

Large increase in immigrants

Values:

1. Family 1st then individual

2. Self Control

3. Cultural heritage

4. Strong parent control

Better educated and highest income of all groups.

NATIVE AMERICANNATIVE AMERICAN

• Tribal identity more important than being a Native American• Interracial marriages high• Kinship based on clans rather than blood Values:

1. Extended families2. Tribal heritage

CAUCASIAN AMERICANCAUCASIAN AMERICAN

WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DO CAUCASIAN AMERICANSSHARE?

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

1.1. Patrilineal: rights & property flowed from Patrilineal: rights & property flowed from fatherfather

2.2. Matrilineal: rights & property flowed from Matrilineal: rights & property flowed from mothermother

3.3. Familism: self sacrificing for family. Changed Familism: self sacrificing for family. Changed with individualismwith individualism

4.4. Companionate Marriage: sharing of decisions, Companionate Marriage: sharing of decisions, romance, woman treated democratically & romance, woman treated democratically & allowed to express feelings.allowed to express feelings.

5.5. Assisted Reproductive Technology: many can Assisted Reproductive Technology: many can become parents who couldn't before.become parents who couldn't before.

VOCABULARY cont’dVOCABULARY cont’d

6. Feminization of Poverty: single women 6. Feminization of Poverty: single women with children are dominating poverty. with children are dominating poverty. Unstable lower class marriages & absence of Unstable lower class marriages & absence of fathers.fathers.

7. Fictive Kin Ties: ties extend to neighbors 7. Fictive Kin Ties: ties extend to neighbors and friends.and friends.

8. Social Mobility: easy of movement up or 8. Social Mobility: easy of movement up or down social status.down social status.

9. Racial Group: such as African American, 9. Racial Group: such as African American, white, Asianwhite, Asian

10. Phenotype: anatomical & physical 10. Phenotype: anatomical & physical characteristics.characteristics.

VOABULARY cont’dVOABULARY cont’d

11. Ethnic Group: cultural characteristics – 11. Ethnic Group: cultural characteristics – lang, religion, customs from 1 lang, religion, customs from 1 generation to next.generation to next.

12. Minority Groups: either ethnic or racial 12. Minority Groups: either ethnic or racial depends on social experience.depends on social experience.

13. Status: position in social hierarchy. 13. Status: position in social hierarchy. Growing importance of ethnicity Growing importance of ethnicity (culture) rather than race (skin color).(culture) rather than race (skin color).

14. Clans: not necessarily blood related. 14. Clans: not necessarily blood related. "Grandmother" may be an aunt."Grandmother" may be an aunt.

15. Symbolic Identity: Identify self with 15. Symbolic Identity: Identify self with ancestors only when one chooses.ancestors only when one chooses.