chapter 3bebi/biology100/study guides/chapter 3.pdf · the fundamental units that make up all...
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Chapter 3
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The fundamental units that make up all living things are called:
A.compartmentsB.cellsC.chromosomesD.coelom
2. Choose the statement(s) that describe the cell theory.
A.All living things are made of cells.B.Cells come only from pre-existing cells.C.Cells must be aggregated.D.All living things are made of cells and cells come only from pre-existing cells.E.All of the choices are correct.
3. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning cell surface/volume ratios.
A.Surface area reflects ability to exchange materials.B.Volume reflects metabolic needs.C.As the volume increases/relative surface area decreases.D.All of the choices are correct.
4. As cell size increases, which of the following increases at a greater rate:
A.surface areaB.volumeC.length
5. The reason that cells stay small is most accurately stated as:
A.cells influence nearby cells to divideB.cells' surface areas must heed exchange requirementsC.cells need to dissipate heat effectivelyD.cells divide before mitosis occurs
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6. The semi-fluid internal medium of a cell that dissolves molecules between the nucleus and cellmembrane is called:
A.nucleolusB.cytoplasmC.nucleoplasmD.cytomatrix
7. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a:
A.plasma membraneB.Sanger enclosureC.cell membraneD.dialysis membraneE.plasma membrane or cell membrane
8. Small membranous structures that occur within the cell and have various functions are referred to as:
A.matricesB.organellesC.cytoskeletonD.Golgi bodies
9. The network of interconnected filaments and microtubules within a cell is collectively called the:
A.nucleoliB.matricesC.organellesD.cytoskeletonE.Golgi bodies
10. The function of the plasma membrane is:
A.determines which substances enter and leave the cellB.serves as a boundary between the cell and its environmentC.contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environmentD.All of the choices are correct.
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11. Which structure contains the majority of genetic material within the cell?
A.nucleusB.nucleolusC.lysosomeD.plasma membrane
12. Which of the following serves as a packaging center for secretory products?
A.ribosomeB.Golgi apparatusC.nucleolusD.centriole
13. Which of the following functions to produce ribosomes?
A.nucleolusB.nucleusC.Golgi apparatusD.endoplasmic reticulum
14. Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production?
A.lysosomeB.mitochondrionC.vacuoleD.Golgi bodies
15. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion?
A.mitochondrionB.lysosomeC.vacuoleD.centriole
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16. Uncoiled DNA found in the nucleoplasm is called:
A.RNAB.chromatinC.nucleolusD.chromosomeE.centrosome
17. Accumulation of undigested substances in neurons causes Tay Sachs disease. The cellular abnormalityis:
A.lack of Golgi apparatusB.excess mitochondriaC.abnormal chloroplastsD.lack of a lysosomal enzymeE.misshapen endoplasmic reticulum
18. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the plasma membrane.
A.Hydrophilic ends face outwards toward water.B.Hydrophobic ends inwards, toward themselves.C.Proteins are embedded into the plasma membrane.D.The phospholipid bilayer is a liquid at body temperature.E.All of the choices are correct.
19. Hydrophilic means:
A.water-loving or seekingB.water-avoiding or hatingC.saturated with water molecules
20. The ability of the plasma membrane to select which molecules will enter or exit the cell is referred to as:
A.differential selectivenessB.metabolic diversityC.selective permeabilityD.diffusion
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21. The process whereby small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration is:
A.diffusionB.active transportC.endocytosisD.exocytosis
22. The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called:
A.denaturationB.osmosisC.dispersionD.dissociation
23. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.
A.In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.B.In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.C.In an isotonic solution the number of particles is equal.D.Lysis usually occurs when a cell is exposed to hypertonic solutions.
24. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the cell membrane.
A.Lipid molecules can diffuse through the membrane.B.Gases can diffuse through the membrane.C.Lysis refers to disrupted cell membranes.D.Energy is not expended during diffusion.E.All of the choices are correct.
25. A hypertonic solution contains:
A.equal amounts of solute and waterB.greater concentration of solute than the cytoplasmC.lesser concentration of solute than the cytoplasmD.no solutes
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26. A cell in a hypotonic solution:
A.loses waterB.gains waterC.gains and loses the same amount of water
27. A cell in an isotonic solution:
A.loses waterB.gains waterC.gains and loses the same amount of water
28. Particles, which dissolve within a solution, are called:
A.soluteB.solventC.saturant
29. Distilled water is 100% water with no solutes. A cell placed in distilled water will:
A.shrinkB.swell and burstC.stay the same
30. The process of forming an internal vesicle and releasing it from the cell is called:
A.endocytosisB.exocytosis
31. The central structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA is called:
A.nucleusB.nucleolusC.nuclear envelopeD.nucleoplasm
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32. Choose the CORRECT statement.
A.Groups of ribosomes are called polymers.B.Ribosomes can be found inside the nucleus.C.Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.D.Smooth ER is associated with ribosomes.
33. The complex system of membranous channels and saccules continuous with the plasma membrane is:
A.endoplasmic reticulumB.nucleolusC.vesicles/vacuolesD.Golgi apparatus
34. Organelles responsible for chemical energy in the cell are:
A.centriolesB.mitochondriaC.nucleusD.endoplasmic reticulum
35. The fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called:
A.matrixB.cristaeC.rugaeD.effluvium
36. Basal bodies are associated with:
A.ribosomesB.mitochondriaC.chromosomesD.cilia and flagella
37. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called:
A.respirationB.photosynthesisC.metabolismD.reaction summary
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38. Enzymes:
A.give energy to metabolic reactionsB.speed up metabolic reactionsC.act as a buffer in metabolic reactionsD.destroy foreign bodies
39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called:
A.reactantsB.productsC.metabolitesD.enzymes
40. The substance that an enzyme works upon is called a:
A.substrateB.reactantC.active siteD.coenzyme
41. The site upon the enzyme that interacts with the molecule it works upon is called:
A.substrateB.reactantC.active siteD.coenzyme
42. Molecules that are organic and non-protein which assist the activity of an enzyme are called:
A.coenzymesB.cozymesC.enfactorsD.substrates
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43. Which of the following is required for active transport to occur?
A.a concentration gradientB.a carrier and concentration gradientC.carrier and energyD.vesiclesE.vesicle to membrane fusion
44. The process whereby cells completely break down glucose to CO2 and water for energy is:
A.glycolysisB.oxidative phosphorylationC.cellular respirationD.fermentation
45. Which of the following processes does not require oxygen?
A.glycolysisB.citric acid cycleC.electron transport system
46. Which of the following characterizes the electron transport system?
A.2 free ATP, linearB.2 ATP after two turnsC.Produces 32 ATP
47. Which of the following produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?
A.glycolysisB.citric acid cycleC.electron transport system
48. The final acceptor molecule in the electron transport system is:
A.glucoseB.waterC.carbon dioxideD.oxygen
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49. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?
A.glycolysisB.citric acid cycleC.electron transport system
50. Which of the following processes produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 after 2 turns?
A.glycolysisB.citric acid cycleC.electron transport system
51. The anaerobic process where oxygen is not available to cells and lactic acid is formed is:
A.photosynthesisB.respirationC.fermentationD.oxidation
52. Cellular (aerobic) respiration is a process whereby cells:
A.use oxygenB.produce carbon dioxideC.produce energyD.form ATPE.All of the choices are correct.
53. NAD is:
A.an enzymeB.a co-enzymeC.a form of energyD.a metabolic poison
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54. In the evolution of eukaryotic cells, organelles such as mitochondria may have arisen from cellsengulfing:
A.prokaryotic cellsB.lysosomesC.other eukaryotic cellsD.abnormal chloroplastsE.free-living mitochondria
55. Fermentation requires:
A.oxygenB.sugarC.H2O and saltsD.carbon dioxide
56. In yeast fermentation:
A.oxygen is requiredB.an energy source is not requiredC.alcohol and carbon dioxide are given offD.All of the choices are correct.
57. Stem cells have been derived from:
A.blood cellsB.neural cellsC.umbilical cordsD.All of the choices are correct.
58. The folds in mitochondrial membranes are called:
A.matrixB.cristaeC.rugaeD.cellulate
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Chapter 3 Key
1. The fundamental units that make up all living things are called:
a. compartmentsB cellsc. chromosomesd. coelom
Mader - 003 Chapter... #1
2. Choose the statement(s) that describe the cell theory.
a. All living things are made of cells.b. Cells come only from pre-existing cells.c. Cells must be aggregated.D All living things are made of cells and cells come only from pre-existing cells.e. All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #2
3. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning cell surface/volume ratios.
a. Surface area reflects ability to exchange materials.b. Volume reflects metabolic needs.c. As the volume increases/relative surface area decreases.D All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #3
4. As cell size increases, which of the following increases at a greater rate:
a. surface areaB volumec. length
Mader - 003 Chapter... #4
1
5. The reason that cells stay small is most accurately stated as:
a. cells influence nearby cells to divideB cells' surface areas must heed exchange requirementsc. cells need to dissipate heat effectivelyd. cells divide before mitosis occurs
Mader - 003 Chapter... #5
6. The semi-fluid internal medium of a cell that dissolves molecules between the nucleus and cellmembrane is called:
a. nucleolusB cytoplasmc. nucleoplasmd. cytomatrix
Mader - 003 Chapter... #12
7. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a:
a. plasma membraneb. Sanger enclosurec. cell membraned. dialysis membraneE plasma membrane or cell membrane
Mader - 003 Chapter... #11
8. Small membranous structures that occur within the cell and have various functions are referred to as:
a. matricesB organellesc. cytoskeletond. Golgi bodies
Mader - 003 Chapter... #13
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9. The network of interconnected filaments and microtubules within a cell is collectively called the:
a. nucleolib. matricesc. organellesD cytoskeletone. Golgi bodies
Mader - 003 Chapter... #14
10. The function of the plasma membrane is:
a. determines which substances enter and leave the cellb. serves as a boundary between the cell and its environmentc. contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environmentD All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #16
11. Which structure contains the majority of genetic material within the cell?
A nucleusb. nucleolusc. lysosomed. plasma membrane
Mader - 003 Chapter... #17
12. Which of the following serves as a packaging center for secretory products?
a. ribosomeB Golgi apparatusc. nucleolusd. centriole
Mader - 003 Chapter... #18
13. Which of the following functions to produce ribosomes?
A nucleolusb. nucleusc. Golgi apparatusd. endoplasmic reticulum
Mader - 003 Chapter... #19
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14. Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production?
a. lysosomeB mitochondrionc. vacuoled. Golgi bodies
Mader - 003 Chapter... #20
15. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion?
a. mitochondrionB lysosomec. vacuoled. centriole
Mader - 003 Chapter... #21
16. Uncoiled DNA found in the nucleoplasm is called:
a. RNAB chromatinc. nucleolusd. chromosomee. centrosome
Mader - 003 Chapter... #22
17. Accumulation of undigested substances in neurons causes Tay Sachs disease. The cellularabnormality is:
a. lack of Golgi apparatusb. excess mitochondriac. abnormal chloroplastsD lack of a lysosomal enzymee. misshapen endoplasmic reticulum
Mader - 003 Chapter... #23
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18. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the plasma membrane.
a. Hydrophilic ends face outwards toward water.b. Hydrophobic ends inwards, toward themselves.c. Proteins are embedded into the plasma membrane.d. The phospholipid bilayer is a liquid at body temperature.E All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #25
19. Hydrophilic means:
A water-loving or seekingb. water-avoiding or hatingc. saturated with water molecules
Mader - 003 Chapter... #27
20. The ability of the plasma membrane to select which molecules will enter or exit the cell is referred toas:
a. differential selectivenessb. metabolic diversityC selective permeabilityd. diffusion
Mader - 003 Chapter... #31
21. The process whereby small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration is:
A diffusionb. active transportc. endocytosisd. exocytosis
Mader - 003 Chapter... #33
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22. The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called:
a. denaturationB osmosisc. dispersiond. dissociation
Mader - 003 Chapter... #35
23. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.
a. In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.b. In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.C In an isotonic solution the number of particles is equal.d. Lysis usually occurs when a cell is exposed to hypertonic solutions.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #38
24. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the cell membrane.
a. Lipid molecules can diffuse through the membrane.b. Gases can diffuse through the membrane.c. Lysis refers to disrupted cell membranes.d. Energy is not expended during diffusion.E All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #37
25. A hypertonic solution contains:
a. equal amounts of solute and waterB greater concentration of solute than the cytoplasmc. lesser concentration of solute than the cytoplasmd. no solutes
Mader - 003 Chapter... #39
26. A cell in a hypotonic solution:
a. loses waterB gains waterc. gains and loses the same amount of water
Mader - 003 Chapter... #40
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27. A cell in an isotonic solution:
a. loses waterb. gains waterC gains and loses the same amount of water
Mader - 003 Chapter... #42
28. Particles, which dissolve within a solution, are called:
A soluteb. solventc. saturant
Mader - 003 Chapter... #44
29. Distilled water is 100% water with no solutes. A cell placed in distilled water will:
a. shrinkB swell and burstc. stay the same
Mader - 003 Chapter... #49
30. The process of forming an internal vesicle and releasing it from the cell is called:
a. endocytosisB exocytosis
Mader - 003 Chapter... #53
31. The central structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA is called:
a. nucleusB nucleolusc. nuclear enveloped. nucleoplasm
Mader - 003 Chapter... #55
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32. Choose the CORRECT statement.
a. Groups of ribosomes are called polymers.b. Ribosomes can be found inside the nucleus.C Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.d. Smooth ER is associated with ribosomes.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #57
33. The complex system of membranous channels and saccules continuous with the plasma membrane is:
A endoplasmic reticulumb. nucleolusc. vesicles/vacuolesd. Golgi apparatus
Mader - 003 Chapter... #59
34. Organelles responsible for chemical energy in the cell are:
a. centriolesB mitochondriac. nucleusd. endoplasmic reticulum
Mader - 003 Chapter... #62
35. The fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called:
A matrixb. cristaec. rugaed. effluvium
Mader - 003 Chapter... #64
36. Basal bodies are associated with:
a. ribosomesb. mitochondriac. chromosomesD cilia and flagella
Mader - 003 Chapter... #65
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37. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called:
a. respirationb. photosynthesisC metabolismd. reaction summary
Mader - 003 Chapter... #66
38. Enzymes:
a. give energy to metabolic reactionsB speed up metabolic reactionsc. act as a buffer in metabolic reactionsd. destroy foreign bodies
Mader - 003 Chapter... #67
39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called:
a. reactantsb. productsc. metabolitesD enzymes
Mader - 003 Chapter... #68
40. The substance that an enzyme works upon is called a:
A substrateb. reactantc. active sited. coenzyme
Mader - 003 Chapter... #69
41. The site upon the enzyme that interacts with the molecule it works upon is called:
a. substrateb. reactantC active sited. coenzyme
Mader - 003 Chapter... #70
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42. Molecules that are organic and non-protein which assist the activity of an enzyme are called:
A coenzymesb. cozymesc. enfactorsd. substrates
Mader - 003 Chapter... #71
43. Which of the following is required for active transport to occur?
a. a concentration gradientb. a carrier and concentration gradientC carrier and energyd. vesiclese. vesicle to membrane fusion
Mader - 003 Chapter... #76
44. The process whereby cells completely break down glucose to CO2 and water for energy is:
a. glycolysisb. oxidative phosphorylationC cellular respirationd. fermentation
Mader - 003 Chapter... #81
45. Which of the following processes does not require oxygen?
A glycolysisb. citric acid cyclec. electron transport system
Mader - 003 Chapter... #82
46. Which of the following characterizes the electron transport system?
a. 2 free ATP, linearb. 2 ATP after two turnsC Produces 32 ATP
Mader - 003 Chapter... #83
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47. Which of the following produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?
a. glycolysisB citric acid cyclec. electron transport system
Mader - 003 Chapter... #84
48. The final acceptor molecule in the electron transport system is:
a. glucoseb. waterc. carbon dioxideD oxygen
Mader - 003 Chapter... #85
49. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?
A glycolysisb. citric acid cyclec. electron transport system
Mader - 003 Chapter... #86
50. Which of the following processes produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 after 2 turns?
a. glycolysisB citric acid cyclec. electron transport system
Mader - 003 Chapter... #87
51. The anaerobic process where oxygen is not available to cells and lactic acid is formed is:
a. photosynthesisb. respirationC fermentationd. oxidation
Mader - 003 Chapter... #89
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52. Cellular (aerobic) respiration is a process whereby cells:
a. use oxygenb. produce carbon dioxidec. produce energyd. form ATPE All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #90
53. NAD is:
a. an enzymeB a co-enzymec. a form of energyd. a metabolic poison
Mader - 003 Chapter... #93
54. In the evolution of eukaryotic cells, organelles such as mitochondria may have arisen from cellsengulfing:
A prokaryotic cellsb. lysosomesc. other eukaryotic cellsd. abnormal chloroplastse. free-living mitochondria
Mader - 003 Chapter... #99
55. Fermentation requires:
a. oxygenB sugarc. H2O and saltsd. carbon dioxide
Mader - 003 Chapter... #107
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56. In yeast fermentation:
a. oxygen is requiredb. an energy source is not requiredC alcohol and carbon dioxide are given offd. All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #108
57. Stem cells have been derived from:
a. blood cellsb. neural cellsc. umbilical cordsD All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 003 Chapter... #109
58. The folds in mitochondrial membranes are called:
a. matrixB cristaec. rugaed. cellulate
Mader - 003 Chapter... #63
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Chapter 3 Summary
Category # ofQuestions
Mader - 003 Chapter... 58
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