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Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements

3.3The Periodic Table

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Groups and Periods

On the periodic table

• Elements are arranged according to similar properties

• Groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns

• Periods are horizontal rows of elements

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Groups and Periods

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Periodic Table

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Group Numbers

Group Numbers

• Use the letter A for the representative elements (1A to 8A) and the letter B for the transition elements

• Also use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right

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Names of Some Representative Elements

• Several groups of representative elements are known by common names.

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Alkali Metals

Group 1A(1), the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, and potassium.

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Halogens

Group 7A(17) the halogens, includes chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

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Identify the element described by the following:A. Group 7A(17), Period 4

1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Group 2A(2), Period 31) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron

C. Group 5A(15), Period 21) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen

Learning Check

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A. Group 7A, Period 41) Br

B. Group 2A, Period 32) magnesium

C. Group 5A(15), Period 2

3) nitrogen

Solution

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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

The heavy zigzag line separates metals and nonmetals.• Metals are located to the

left.• Nonmetals are located

to the right. • Metalloids are located

along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals.

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Metals • Are shiny and ductile• Are good conductors of heat and electricityNonmetals• Are dull, brittle, and poor conductors• Are good insulatorsMetalloids• Are better conductors than nonmetals, but not as

good as metals• Are used as semiconductors and insulators

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

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Comparing a Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal

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Identify each of the following elements as: 1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

A. sodium ____B. chlorine ____C. silicon ____D. iron ____E. carbon ____

Learning Check

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Identify each of the following elements as: 1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

A. sodium metalB. chlorine nonmetalC. silicon metalloidD. iron metal E. carbon nonmetal

Solution

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Match the elements to the description:

A. Metals in Group 4A(14) 1) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A(15)1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb

C. Metalloids in Group 4A(14)1) C, Si, Ge, 2) Si, Ge 3) Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

Learning Check

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Match the elements to the description:A. Metals in Group 4A(14)

1) Sn, Pb

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A(15)2) N, P

C. Metalloids in Group 4A(14)2) Si, Ge

Solution