CHAPTER 3- AIR POLLUTION

CHAPTER 3- AIR POLLUTIONCC604- ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROLNAME:

Air pollutant is any substance in the atmosphere that is likely to cause harm to: Human, plant or animal lifeDamage to man-made materials and structuresChanges in weather or climateInterfere with enjoyment of life or property

Source of pollutantNaturalAnthropogenicMobileStationary Point Source Non-point Source

Environmental quality act, 1974 (act127)Definition :Air impurities includes smoke, soot, ash(including fly ash), coal, debris, solid particle of any kind, including particle-particle, gases, vapors, mists, odors and radioactive substances amitted from combustion of fuel and material similar or the use of electricity as a source of heating or from synthesize, resolution or any recovery and any other material that be precribed by Minister as the material that can effect human health or the environment of life (page 65)Material air pollutantsOccur when there are contaminants in the airTwo main group: a) pollutant gases b) particulate pollutantPollutant gasesSulfur oxidesProduce from burning fossil fuels66% came from power plant22% came from industries7% came from oil refineries3% came from vehicleNitrogen oxideCan be dissolve in water to form nitrous acid and nitric acidCame from burning fuel suc as oil, coal, woodand gases. Action of bacteria in the soil and lightingMay cause lung disease, eye irritation and respiratory problem.Carbon monoxideIs colorless gas, odorless and no smell and taste.Produce from incomplete combustion of carbonaceus fuel.70% due to smoke produced by vehicles engine.ozoneSecondary pollutant and organic oxidizing agent.Smoke vehicle are major contributor in the formation of ozonein the atmosphere.HydrocarbonProduction of volatile organic compound, VODTypically it is a product of petroleumMain source are from chemical production, transportation and processing of crude oil and natural gas.Particulate pollutantfumesFumes quite fine particles with diameters between 0.03-0.3mSolid particles of metloxides are usually formed by the evaporation process of vapor through sudlimation, distillation or chemical reactions processes.Zinc and lead oxides frm the process of evaporation and oxidation of volatile metals at high temperatures.

Fog / mistIt is liquid particles formed by evaporation of steam and probably through a chemical reaction.Example :a) The formation of sulfuric acid mist.

Effects of air pollution on human health and environmentCC604 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROLaffect on human healthWorsen the chronic diseases.Death by heat stroke can occur if the temperature exceeds 40.6c.Affect growth and yeild of crops such as tomatoes, sugar beet and potatoes, thereby reducing the income of farmers and food supplies.Cause and effect of pollutants on human health.

Thinning the ozone layerThe layer that protects us from solar radiation.Emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) will thinning the ozone layer.Can cause skin cancer

Acid rainThe emissions such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and and nitrogen dioxide (N02) combined with rain will form acid rain.Can kill plants and fish.Can erode the clothing, paper and building materials.

Rising earth temperatureCarbon dioxide gas (C02) that is too much in the air will trap heat.Will cause temperature heats up.will occur flooding due to melthing chunks of ice at the poles and drought in some part of the world.

Measures to mitigate the negative effects of global warming.Throught the legislation : Environmental Quality Act 1974 (release of smoke emissions and open burning).Use of unleaded dasoline and uses of a new generation diesel engines.ReforestationRelocation of farming shiftingRestrict deforestationVehicles driven by cell reduce the burning of fossil fuels.