chapter 23, section 3
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“Over There”. Chapter 23, Section 3. Hard Times for the Allies. American troops reached France in 1917 they saw desperate Allies Million of soldiers had died Troops in trenches were exhausted and ill British and French civilians were near starvation. A second Russian Revolution. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 23, SECTION 3
“Over There”
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Hard Times for the Allies
American troops reached France in 1917 they saw desperate AlliesMillion of soldiers had diedTroops in trenches were exhausted and
illBritish and French civilians were near
starvation
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A second Russian Revolution Russia withdrew from the war Bolsheviks seized power from the
Provisional GovernmentLed by V.I. LeninWanted a communist revolution in
Russia
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A second Russian Revolution
Karl Marx: a German thinker of the 1800sPredicted that workers around the world
would come together to overthrow the ruling class
Workers would then end private property and set up a classless society
Lenin wanted to a revolution like Marx’s idea.
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Carl Marx
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Carl Marx Communist Manifesto Marx argued that capitalism, like previous
socioeconomic systems, would inevitably produce internal tensions which would lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, he believed socialism would, in its turn, replace capitalism, and lead to a stateless, classless society called pure communism.
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Carl Marx Marx argued that socio-economic
change occurred through organized revolutionary action. He argued that capitalism will end through the organized actions of an international working class
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A second Russian Revolution
Lenin (now in power) opened talks with Germany
Treaty of Brest-LitovskRussia gave up land to GermanyLenin could now focus on the communist
revolution
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A second Russian Revolution
Allies saw the treaty as betrayalGermany got coal mines and other
resources in RussiaGermany could now move its troops out
of Russia and into France1918 Germany troops launched an all-
out attack
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A new German push
German troops fired 6,000 canons at Amiens
German fought along the Aisne River Germans reach the Marne River, Paris
only 50 miles away American troops entered the war
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Americans in France
June 1918, Americans are reaching France in record numbers
John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary Force (AEF).
Pershing insisted his troops operated as independent unit not relief for tired allied soldiers
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Harlem Hell Fighters in Action
369th United States infantry, a unit of African Americans attached to the French army.
They spent more time under fire than any other American unit
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A hint of danger
Privates Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts guarder a tiny outpost near Montplaisir
Germans tossed grenades into the dugout Johnson and Roberts fired grenades and
fought hand to hand combat and fought off at least 2 dozen Germans
The 369th regiment got a hero’s welcome in the streets of New York
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Final Battles
The French prepared to evacuate Paris
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The marines will hold
Belleau Woods: first major battle for the American troops outside of ParisLasted 3 weeksDirected by General Harbord refused to
hide in trenchesAllied victory
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Turning the Tide
Germans launch another attempt to take Paris
They reached American troops and were forced to retreat
Allies now were on the offensive Marshall Ferdinand Foch ( Frenchman)
commanded the Allied forces
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Into the Argonne Forest
More than a million Americans pushed into the Argonne ForestThe land was scarred with trenches and smelled of
poisoned gases from earlier battleRain and the thick woods slowed the American
advance After 47 days Americans had won the Battle of
the Argonne Forest British, French, and Belgium forces also
pushed Germans to retreat. The “war to end all wars” was nearing its end
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Peace at Last
Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting Prince Max of Baden, head of the
German cabinet asked President Wilson for an armistice.Wilson replied under 2 conditions
German must accept his plan for peace German emperor must give up power
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Germany in turmoil
While German leaders debated a response revolutions in Germany simmered
German sailors rebelled On the battle front German armies lost
ground daily
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Germany in turmoil
November 9th, 1918 German emperor resigned
He and his son fled to Holland Germany became a republic New German leaders agreed to take
armistice 11a.m. on November 11th, 1918 the
eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month World War I ended.
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The cost of war
Between 10 million and 13 million people died in battle
Germany lost about 2 million Russia, French, and British lost more
than 4 million United States lost over 500,000
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The cost of war
More than 20 million soldiers on both sides were wounded
Much of northern France was destroyed Millions of Germans near starvation 1918 a terrible influenza epidemic spread
around the world 1918 -1919 more than 500,000 American died
in the epidemic, The death toll in other countries reached the
millions