chapter 23 – landscape ecology and lake succession
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Chapter 23 Landscape
Ecology(and Lake succession and wetland
types)
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Landscape mosaic
A quilt-work of different habitats
PatchesDistinct communitiesmaking up themosaic
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EdgeWhere two different landscapes meetField bordering a forestCan be caused by soil differences, fire, grazing,farming, etc
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EcotoneBlending of two different ecosystemsTrees and grasses meeting and overlappingCopy the drawing
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Edge EffectTypically more biodiversity around edgesbecause of varied plant communitiesExample: Ruffed Grouse Needs a variety of plant
cover for its food, nesting and courting behavior
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CorridorsStrips of vegetation thatconnect one patch with
anotherFunction as travel lanesfor organisms
Usually created byhumans
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Shade tolerant - sugar maple, beech, oak, hickory
Shade intolerant trees Cherry, Birch, aspen
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Progression of a lake into a field This does not typically occur in deep
water lakes
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Starts with the cattails, rushes and othersurface vegetation growing around theshore.
These die and fallinto the water withother organic matter
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Organic mattercontinues to buildup and more
species begincrowding the lakeedge
Oxygen levels drop(b/c of decomposition)and fish speciesdecrease
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Lake finally turns intoa marsh, swamp or bog
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MarshFrequently flood
More open water and deeper than a swamp
Dominant species are grasses, reeds, shrubs,etcFresh, salt or brackish
water
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SwampTypically have large amountsof woody vegetationShallowFresh or salt water
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BogFill mostly with precipitationPoor soils and a lot of sphagnum moss(acidic) Low decomposition Accumulate peat (dead organic matter)