Chapter 20- Cold War & Postwar Challenges

Chapter 20 Review

Terms & People• countries with both military powers and

political influence– superpowers

• U.S. promise of anticommunism support-– Truman Doctrine

• tactic used to overcome a Soviet blockade-– Berlin Air Lift

• military alliance of Soviet allies-– Warsaw Pact

vs.

Terms & People• Khrushchev’s policy of undoing his

predecessor’s more ruthless policies– de-Stalinization

• the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines– heavy industry

• first space satellite– Sputnik I

• Yugoslav leader who resisted Stalin’s control– Tito

Terms & People• nation in which the government provides

services and a minimum living standard to all– welfare state

• the actual purchasing power of income– real wages

• title of German head of state– chancellor

• group of nations with a common purpose– bloc

• The city of ________, which was located deep inside the Soviet zone of a postwar divided Germany, was itself divided into four zones.

Berlin

• To stop the _______________________, the United States adopted a policy toward the Soviet Union of containment.

spread of communism

• The Truman Doctrine was formulated, initially, as a response to the 1946 withdrawal of British aid to __________. Greece

• The _______________ was designed to restore the economic stability of European nations after World War II.

Marshall Plan

• The ____________________________ , founded in 1949, was the Soviet Union’s response to the Marshall Plan.

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

• U.S. fears about the spread of communism were increased when ____________ became a Communist nation in 1949.

China

• The “Bay of Pigs” refers to a U.S. attempt to overthrow the _____________ government.

Cuban

• The ___________________ was built in order to prevent East Germans from defecting to West Germany.

Berlin Wall

• Even after Stalin’s death in 1953, the _____________________ made it clear that it would NOT allow Eastern European satellites to become independent of control.

Soviet Union

• In response to Nagy’s declaration of Hungarian independence, Khrushchev reacted by attacking ___________________Budapest

• Which Communist nation remained independent of Soviet control? – Yugoslavia

• The “Prague Spring” of Alexander Dubcek was forestalled in 1968 when the______________ army invaded Czechoslovakia

Soviet

• French president ________________ attempted to return France to the status of a world power by investing heavily in nuclear weapons.

Charles de Gaulle

• Which nation declined economically after World War II? – Great Britain

• The U.S. senator responsible for the anti-Communist movement known as the “Red Scare” was ________________________Joseph McCarthy

• Increases in workers’ wages, increased credit, and built-up demand for postwar goods led to the creation of what some people have called the _________________consumer society

• Postwar birthrates rose in the late 1940s and 1950s, creating a ______________________baby boom

• _________________of the late 1960s were reactions against the Vietnam War, university policies and administrations, & alienation of the individual from society

Student protests