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Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms

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Page 1: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Chapter 2-2

Combinations of Atoms

Page 2: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

How atoms combine

• Atoms combine in two ways;• When atoms combine they lose their chemical

properties and take on new ones.– 1. Sharing electrons in outer energy levels• Molecules – smallest part of a compound made by

sharing electrons• Compound – 2 or more elements chemically combined

– H2O – is a molecule

Page 3: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Water Molecule

•

Page 4: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

– 2. Gaining or losing electrons in outer energy levels• Losing electrons - positive charge atom• Gaining electrons – negative charge atom

• Ions – positive or negative charged atom

• Ions are attracted by the unlike charges• NaCl – table salt is an ionic compound

Page 5: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Salt

• Na – sodium - one electron in

outer energy level- loses electron- positive ion

Cl – chlorine- 7 electrons in

outer energy level-gain electron- negative ion

Page 6: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Aluminum oxide

• Al2O3

• Al loses 3 e = + ion• O gains 2 e = - ion

• Takes on all new properties.

http://www.leekhigh.staffs.sch.uk/science/chemistry/chim/PTfolder/(Empty%20Reference!)
Page 7: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Mixture

• Mixture – combination of 2 or more compounds but each retains its own properties

• Can easily be separated• Lucky Charms - example

of mixture– Marshmallows oat cereal

Page 8: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Solution

• Solution – one substance is dissolved into another substance

• Each substance retains its properties yet they appear as one substance.

• The distribution of the substances are the same throughout the solution.

• Can be separated

Page 9: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Parts of a solution

• Solute: part being dissolved

• Solvent: part doing the dissolving

• Dissolving: moving of solute between particles of solvent– Bipolarity of water

helps it to dissolve

Page 10: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Compounds

• Difficult to separate• Must use chemical

means• Chemical change –

converting one substance into its elements.

• C6H12O6

Page 11: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

States of Matter

Page 12: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Solid

• Atoms strongly attracted

• Tightly packed• Vibrate very slowly to

and fro• Definite shape and

volume

Page 13: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Liquid

• Particles further away• Attraction weaker• Move over and

around• No definite

shape/take shape of container

• Definite volume

Page 14: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Gases

• Attraction minimal• Movement – fast• No definite shape • No definite volume• Fill entire container

place into

Page 15: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Plasma – 4th state of matter

• Plasma – gaseous state made of free flowing ions and electrons

• Lightning • Fluorescent bulb• Stars• Sun

Page 16: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new
Page 17: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Changing states of matter

• Energy is added or removed

• Adding energy = solid to liquid to gas

• Removing energy – gas to liquid to solid

• Freezing pt. – l to s• Boiling pt – l to g

Page 18: Chapter 2-2 Combinations of Atoms. How atoms combine Atoms combine in two ways; When atoms combine they lose their chemical properties and take on new

Changing States of Matter


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