chapter 19: terrorism awareness
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Chapter 19: Terrorism Awareness. Knowledge and Attitude Objectives. Define terrorism. Describe potential terrorist targets and risks. Explain the risks posed by explosives and incendiary devices. (1 of 3). Knowledge and Attitude Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 19: Terrorism Awareness
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Knowledge and Attitude Objectives
1. Define terrorism.
2. Describe potential terrorist targets and risks.
3. Explain the risks posed by explosives and incendiary devices.
(1 of 3)
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Knowledge and Attitude Objectives
4. Explain the risks posed by the following chemical agents:• Pulmonary agents • Metabolic agents • Insecticides • Nerve agents • Blister agents
(2 of 3)
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Knowledge and Attitude Objectives
5. Explain the risks posed by biological agents.
6. Explain the risks posed by radiological agents.
7. Describe the role of first responders in a terrorist event.
(3 of 3)
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Terrorism Awareness
• It is possible that first responders will be called to assist after a terrorist event.
• First responders should be mentally and physically prepared for all large-scale events, regardless of cause.
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What Is Terrorism?
• The systematic use of violence to intimidate a population or government in order to achieve a goal
• May be domestic or international• Includes the use of explosives, chemicals, viruses,
bacteria, and radiation
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Weapons of Mass Destruction
• Any agent designed to bring about mass death, casualties, and/or massive damage to property or infrastructure
• Explosive, chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons• Preferred method to date has been explosive devices.
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Potential Targets and Risks
• Bridges, tunnels, pipelines, and harbors • National monuments • Housing developments and automobile dealerships• Computer networks and data systems• Farms and agricultural installations • Schools, government buildings, churches, and shopping
centers
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Agents and Devices
• Explosive devices• Chemical agents• Biological agents• Radiological agents
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Explosives and Incendiary Devices
• Used to produce a concussion that destroys property and inflicts injury and death
• Can be hand carried or transported by vehicle• Watch for second explosive devices. • Use the same safety skills you would use for other
emergencies.
(1 of 2)
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Explosives and Incendiary Devices
A pipe bomb is a simple explosive device.
(2 of 2)
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Chemical Agents
• Industrial-process chemicals can be used to intentionally inflict harm.
• Categories: – Pulmonary (choking) agents– Metabolic agents– Insecticides– Nerve agents– Blister agents
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Pulmonary Agents
• Cause immediate distress and injury • Primary route of entry is through the airway into
the lungs. • Cause intense coughing, gasping, shortness of
breath, difficulty breathing• Chlorine and phosgene
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Metabolic Agents
• Affect the body’s ability to use oxygen at thecellular level
• Most common are cyanides• Contact produces shortness of breath, flushed
skin, rapid heartbeat, seizures, coma, cardiac arrest
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Insecticides
– Salivation– Sweating – Lacrimation– Urination
– Diarrhea– Gastric upset – Emesis
• Poisonous chemicals that are inhaled or absorbed through the skin
• Remember SLUDGE:
(1 of 2)
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Insecticides
• Multiple people with SLUDGE-like symptoms may indicate insecticide poisoning.
• Do not make contact with patients until they have been properly decontaminated.
(2 of 2)
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Nerve Agents
• Among the most deadly chemicals developed• Can kill large numbers of people with small quantities • Cause SLUDGE-like symptoms
(1 of 2)
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Nerve Agents
• Common nerve agents– Sarin – Soman– Tabun – V agent (VX)
• MARK 1 or NAAK antidote kits can counteract effects.
(2 of 2)
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Blister Agents
• Burn-like blisters on skin • Respiratory burns if inhaled • Symptoms:
– Skin and eye irritation – Pain– Severe shortness of breath– Severe coughing
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Safety Considerationsand Chemical Agents
• Suspect a common agent if you encounter multiple people with similar symptoms.
• Recognize the problem and avoid contaminating yourself or anyone else.
• Stay upwind from source and call for assistance.
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Biological Agents
• Naturally occurring substances that produce disease• Bacteria (anthrax) or viruses (smallpox)• Could be used to intentionally infect people• Incubation period means delayed onset of symptoms.
(1 of 2)
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Biological Agents
A child with smallpox lesions.
(2 of 2)
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Safety Considerationsand Biological Agents
• Be alert for unusual patterns of disease. • Review current information about disease trends. • Always practice vigilant BSI!• Call for specially trained assistance and wait in a
safe location. • Patients must be decontaminated before treatment.
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Radiological Agents
• Radiation cannot be seen, felt, or detected without special instruments.
• Exposure to large amounts causes people to become violently ill.
• Stay away from blast site until specially trained teams check for radiation.
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Response to Terrorist Events
• Develop an all-hazards approach to dealing with emergencies.
• Regardless of nature of incident, practice good scene safety and BSI.
• Know the limits of your training.
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Incident Command
• Establish incident command as quickly as possible. • Know your role within the system. • Treat terrorist events as mass-casualty situations.