chapter 19 section 1:the postwar era section 2:postwar prosperity crumbles section 3:political...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 19
Section 1: The Postwar Era
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Weimar Republic
Why were the German people not satisfied with their
new republic?
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Germany paid off its war debts by borrowing from the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom, meanwhile, paid Germany by borrowing from the U.S. This created a situation wherein all European countries became dependant on the U.S.A.
Now American banks wanted their money back . . .Germany’s economy collapses.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Unemployment was rampant …
Inflation soared.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
The Salvation Army serves hungry Berliners in the dark days of 1923.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
With the mark almost worthless, bartering made a comeback. Germans are seen here swapping bread, sausages and jam for tickets to the circus.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
The collapse of the mark made it cheaper to paper a wall with bank notes than to buy wallpaper.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
September 1928 650,000 unemployed
September 1929 1,320,000 unemployed
September 1930 3,000,000 unemployed
September 1931 4,350,000 unemployed
September 1932 5,102,000 unemployed
January 1933 6,100,000 unemployed
Unemploymentin the Weimar Republic
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
What does this graphillustrate about the valueof the German mark?
In 1918, Berlin bread was worth less than a mark, by 1922 the same bread would cost 160 marks, and by 1923, the bread would be
200 billion marks.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Right-wing groups and communist groups tried to overthrow the ailing republic.
1923 Beer Hall Putsch
A group of extreme nationalists …. led by Adolf Hitler.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
While in prison, Hitler wroteMein Kampf detailing his politicalideology – his belief that the world’stwin evils were communism andJudaism.
He also predicted Germany’sfuture on the world stage.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Hitler’s political party wasextremely nationalistic,anti-Semitic, and anticommunist.
National Socialist GermanWorkers’ Party.
Nazi Party
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Hitler promised to repeal the hatedTreaty of Versailles and restoreGermany’s military power.
… recovery of lost territory.
… a “greater Germany”.
… the “master race”.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
In 1932, the Nazi Party won 230seats in the Reichstag – more thanany other party but not enoughto claim a majority.
In 1933, the president would appointAdolf Hitler as chancellor.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
• police state• banned ALL
opposition• the Gestapo (secret
police)• “inferior races”
suffered persecution
Der Führer Third Reich
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and GermanyThe persecution and exodus of Germany's 525,000 Jews began almost immediately.
In April 1933, German law restricted the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities.
In the same month, further legislation sharply curtailed "Jewish activity" in the medical and legal professions.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
The Nuremberg Laws - 1935• excluded German Jews
from Reich citizenship
• prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or German-related blood."
• Jews were disenfranchised and could not hold public office.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
A Sign that Reads 'Jews Aren't Welcome Here'
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
1935, A Sign that Reads, 'Local Residents Don't Want Any Relations
with Jews'
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
The Third Reich begins …• Hitler orders troops into
the Rhineland – direct violation of Treaty of Versailles
• Neither Great Britain nor France reacts!
• Alliance with Mussolini . . . . The Rome-Berlin Axis.
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
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SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany