Chapter 19Chapter 19Food ResourcesFood Resources

World Food SecurityWorld Food Security

World Food SecurityWorld Food Security

Famine-Famine-

Maintaining Grain StocksMaintaining Grain Stocks Amount of grain remaining from Amount of grain remaining from

previous harvestprevious harvest Provides measure of food securityProvides measure of food security Decreased each year since 1987Decreased each year since 1987

Reason for Decline in Grain Reason for Decline in Grain StockStock Rising tempsRising temps Falling water tables Falling water tables

and droughtsand droughts Ethanol productionEthanol production More grain is going More grain is going

towards feeding towards feeding livestocklivestock

Increased meat Increased meat consumption in consumption in developing developing countriescountries

World Food SecurityWorld Food Security

Economics and PoliticsEconomics and Politics Cost $ to store, produce, transport and Cost $ to store, produce, transport and

distribute fooddistribute food politicalpolitical

Poverty and FoodPoverty and Food ________people are so poor they cannot ________people are so poor they cannot

afford proper nutritionafford proper nutrition1.3 billion

Animals as foodAnimals as food

Constitute 40% of the calories Constitute 40% of the calories consumed in consumed in developeddeveloped countries countries

Only comprise 5% of calories Only comprise 5% of calories consumed in consumed in developingdeveloping countries countries

Vegetarianism

One personal act that can have a profound impact on these issues is reducing meat consumption.

To produce 1 pound of feedlot beef requires about 2,400 gallons of water and 7 pounds of grain (42).

If all the grain currently fed to livestock in the United States were consumed directly by people, the number of people who could be fed would be nearly 800 million

Vegetarianism

Principle Types of Principle Types of AgricultureAgriculture Industrialized agricultureIndustrialized agriculture

Modern methods that require large Modern methods that require large capital input, and less land and laborcapital input, and less land and labor

Subsistence AgricultureSubsistence Agriculture Traditional methods, dependent on labor Traditional methods, dependent on labor

and large amounts of landand large amounts of land Ex: shifting cultivation, Slash and burn Ex: shifting cultivation, Slash and burn

agriculture, Nomadic herding, agriculture, Nomadic herding, IntercroppingIntercropping

Domestication and Domestication and Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity

Challenges of Producing Challenges of Producing More Crop and LivestockMore Crop and Livestock

Irish Potato Famine

PesticidesPesticides Selective Selective

breedingbreeding

Challenges of Producing Challenges of Producing More Crop and LivestockMore Crop and Livestock

Challenges of Producing Challenges of Producing MoreMore

Increasing Livestock Increasing Livestock YieldsYields Hormone Hormone

supplementssupplements US and CanadaUS and Canada Not used in EuropeNot used in Europe

AntibioticsAntibiotics 40% of antibiotics 40% of antibiotics

produced in US are used produced in US are used in livestock operationsin livestock operations

http://www.foodincmovie.com/

Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Use and ResistanceResistance

Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering

Genetically Modified Genetically Modified OrganismsOrganisms Add beneficial characteristics to Add beneficial characteristics to

cropscrops Additional nutritionAdditional nutrition Resistance to pestsResistance to pests Drought resistances Drought resistances Herbicides Herbicides

Safety in Genetic Safety in Genetic EngineeringEngineering Concerns about GMOs? Concerns about GMOs? Backlash against GMOsBacklash against GMOs GMOs are not currently labeledGMOs are not currently labeled Prop 37Prop 37

Environmental Impacts of Environmental Impacts of AgricultureAgriculture

Solutions to Agricultural Solutions to Agricultural Problems- Sustainable Problems- Sustainable AgricultureAgriculture

OverharvestingOverharvesting Many species are Many species are

at point of at point of severe depletionsevere depletion

62% of world’s 62% of world’s fish stock are in fish stock are in need of need of management management actionaction

Fisheries of the World - Fisheries of the World - ProblemsProblems

No nation lays claim to open oceanNo nation lays claim to open ocean

Fisheries of the World - Fisheries of the World - ProblemsProblems

OverharvestinOverharvesting g

Bycatch killed Bycatch killed offoff Magnuson Magnuson

Fisheries Fisheries Conservation Conservation ActAct

http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspxhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyP41Ts2WeU

Fisheries of the World - Fisheries of the World - ProblemsProblems Ocean Pollution Ocean Pollution - -

OilOil Heavy metalsHeavy metals Deliberate litter dumpingDeliberate litter dumping Stormwater runoff from cities and Stormwater runoff from cities and

agricultureagriculture Aquaculture wasteAquaculture waste

http://www.sierraclub.org/truecostoffood/ http://green.yahoo.com/blog/

the_conscious_consumer/151/10-toughest-things-to-get-rid-of.html

http://green.yahoo.com/blog/the_conscious_consumer/146/signs-of-a-green-hypocrite.html

http://green.yahoo.com/blog/the_conscious_consumer/62/decoding-plastics-recycling.html