CHAPTER 18SECTION 1

The Power of Spain

Key Terms

Absolut MonarchDivine rightCharles VPeace of AugsburgPhilip IIEl Greco

Diego VelazquezMiguel de CervantesSister Juana Ines de

la CruzSpanish Armada

The King Becomes and Emperor

1516 Teenaged Charles became king

Member of the Hapsburg family

Absolut monarch-a ruler whose power was not limited to consulting with other

Divine right- received their power from God and cannot be challenged

Charles the V and the Empire

1500-1700’s they imposed their will on Europe

King of Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, colonies in the Americas

Borrowed money to get votes to be the Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V and the Empire

Now controls Italy, Austria and parts of Germany

Charles face many enemies

Charles faced religious fighting

Closely connected to the Catholic Church

Charles the V and the Empire

1521 Charles confronted Martin Luther

Declared him and outlaw

Peace of Augsburg- 1555 gave German prince the right to choose Catholic or Protestant

Charles V and the Empire

Charles had more success in the Americas

Spanish explorers claimed much the Americas for Spain

Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs

Francisco Coronado explored and found gold

20 years later gold was flowing from the Americas

Dividing the Empire

Charles V gave up his throne in 1556

Divided his empire between his brother and his son

Philip II ruled Netherlands, Spain, Sicily, and Spain’s colonies in the Americas

Charles V spent the rest of his life in a monastery

Artistic Achievements

Greek Domenico Theotocopoulos known as El Greco Famous for elongated

human figures Religious work

reflected the Reformation

Diego Velazquez-portrayed people of all social classes with great dignity

Literature

Miquel de Cervantes- wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha Man caught between

medieval and modern world

Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz-Wrote poetry, thought women should be educated (criticized by the Church)

Spain under Philip II

Reached its peak of grandeur

Gold and silver from the Americas

Immense wealth Spain’s power grewGold could not solve

Spain’s problems

Religion and Revolt

Philip II devout Catholic

Leader of the Counter-Reformation

Philip married Queen Mary I of England

Died before she gave birth to an heir to return England to Catholicism

Religion and Revolt

Faith clashed with Calvinist Protestantism

Spreading through the low countries

Dutch refused allegiance to Philip II

Sent Duke of AlbaCourt of Alba tortured

and executed thousands of people

Religion and Revolt

1609 seven provinces broke away formed the Netherlands

Spain and England

Spain and England were rivals

English sent aid to Dutch rebels

Infuriated PhilipEngland’s Queen

Elizabeth was allowing attacks on Spanish ships

Stole the gold and silver for England

Spain and England

King Philip II wanted to stop England’s raids and return it to Catholicism

Spanish Armada- 130 ships and 20,000 soldiers

Fleet was called invincible, unbeatable

Sailed into English Channel 1588

Spain and England

Spanish packed ships for a land invasion

Planned to join forces with Spanish forces in the Netherlands

Naval battles damaged the fleet

English set 8 ships on fire and aimed them at the Armada

Spain retreated and lost several ships in a storm

An Empire in Decline

England remained Protestant

Spain had internal problems

Philip spent wealth on constant warfare

Borrowed money and went bankrupt four times

An Empire in Decline

Flood of gold and silver drove up prices causing inflation

Spain’s industries relied on their agriculture

Economy lagged behind other countries

Spain declined as a major power