chapter 17 ffi
TRANSCRIPT
Essentials of Fire Fighting6th Edition
Firefighter I
Chapter 17 — Fire Control
Describe initial factors to consider when suppressing structure fires.
Learning Objective 1
17–2
Selecting strategies and coordinating resources is based on three priorities.
17–3
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Offensive suppression strategies usually entail interior operations.
17–4
Defensive suppression strategies are selected based on several factors.
17–5
Defensive suppression strategies work to isolate or stabilize the incident.
17–6
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Defensive strategies are employed when certain conditions are present.
17–7
Strategic transitions during suppression may occur at any time.
17–8
Resource coordination is important during several points of fire attack.
17–9
Correct hoseline selection is important for fire suppression operations.
17–10
(Cont.)
CAUTION
A hoseline no smaller than 1½-inch (38 mm) should be used on an interior fire.
17–11
Nozzle selection is based on several considerations found on scene.
17–12
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REVIEW QUESTION
What initial factors must be considered when suppressing structure fires?
17–13
Summarize considerations taken when making entry.
Learning Objective 2
17–14
You should know the considerations for hoseline use and placement when making entry .
17–15
There are several tasks every member should perform before entry.
17–16
You should understand what you may need to fulfill your role during entry.
17–17
The firefighter assigned to the nozzle should do several tasks.
17–18
CAUTION
DO NOT open the door until you have a charged hoseline and are ready to control the conditions encountered.
17–19
There are several facts about making entry tactics that you should know.
17–20
There are several general tactics for making entry that you should know.
17–21
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the factors that must be considered when making entry?
17–22
Describe direct attack, indirect attack, combination attack, and
gas cooling techniques.
Learning Objective 3
17–23
Direct attack uses water most efficiently on free-burning fires.
17–24
Indirect attack is used when entry is not possible due to intense heat.
17–25
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Combination attack uses strategies from both direct and indirect attack.
17–26
REVIEW QUESTION
How do direct attack and combination attack techniques compare with one another?
17–27
Gas cooling is a way of reducing heat release from the hot gas layer.
17–28
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the main differences between indirect attack and gas cooling techniques?
17–29
Describe safety considerations that must be identified for upper level structure fires.
Learning Objective 4
17–30
Fires in upper levels of structures can present unique considerations.
17–31
REVIEW QUESTION
How does the presence or absence of a standpipe system impact upper level structure fires?
17–32
Explain actions taken when attacking belowground structure fires.
Learning Objective 5
17–33
Belowground structures fires may occur in residential basements.
17–34
There are several factors that may contribute to basement fires.
17–35
(Cont.)
There are several factors may contribute to basement fires.
17–36
WARNING
Basement fires weaken the main floor of a structure creating a constant danger of structural collapse.
17–37
Floor assemblies over basements may collapse before firefighters arrive.
17–38
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CAUTION
Thermal imagers (TI) will not always provide an accurate assessment of structural integrity of the floor system.
17–39
Residential basement fires can present other considerations.
17–40
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the main actions that should be taken when attacking
a belowground structure fire?
17–41
Belowground fires can also occur in commercial basements and subfloors.
17–42
REVIEW QUESTION
How quickly can floor assemblies over basements reach a point of collapse?
17–43
Discuss methods of fire control through exposure protection
and controlling building utilities.
Learning Objective 6
17–44
Exposure protection depends on location and resources available.
17–45
Controlling building utilities helps control the fire and limits damage.
17–46
(Cont.)
DISCUSSION QUESTION
Can fire department personnel remove the meter box, if necessary?
1–47
Controlling building utilities helps control the fire and limits damage.
17–48
(Cont.)
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WARNING
Solar panels generate current whenever there is a light source (sunlight, moonlight, artificial lighting) and are always energized.
17–49
Controlling building utilities helps control the fire and limits damage.
17–50
(Cont.)
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Controlling building utilities helps control the fire and limits damage.
17–51
(Cont.)
CAUTION
Natural gas that leaks underground in wet soil can lose its odorant and become difficult to detect without instruments.
17–52
Controlling building utilities helps control the fire and limits damage.
17–53
REVIEW QUESTION
How can using exposure protection or controlling building utilities help in fire control?
17–54
Describe steps taken when supporting fire protection systems at
protected structures.
Learning Objective 7
17–55
Supporting fire protection systems is accomplished through several steps.
17–56
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the steps that must be taken when supporting a fire
protection system at a protected structure?
17–57
Explain considerations taken when deploying, supplying, and staffing master stream devices.
Learning Objective 8
17–58
Deploying master stream devices requires an understanding of several considerations.
17–59
Supplying master streams can be accomplished in several ways.
17–60
CAUTION
Added water weight from master stream operations increases the potential for structural collapse.
17–61
Staffing master stream devices usually requires two firefighters.
17–62
Elevated master streams are used for upper stories in multistory buildings.
17–63
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REVIEW QUESTION
How should a master stream device be properly deployed?
17–64
Describe situations that may require suppression of Class C fires.
Learning Objective 9
17–65
Suppression of Class C fires requires knowledge of energized equipment.
17–66
WARNING
Before initiating fire suppression activities, stop the flow of electricity to the device involved.
17–67
Class C fires may occur around delicate electronic equipment.
17–68
REVIEW QUESTION
What situations may require suppression of a Class C fire?
17–69
Transmission lines and equipment can be damaged and start fires.
17–70
WARNING
Assume that all power lines are energized until the power company informs you otherwise.
17–71
Fires in electrical transformers are relatively common.
17–72
Underground transmission lines can create explosions which require firefighters remaining a safe distance away.
17–73
WARNING
Only personnel who are properly trained and equipped for confined space entry should enter a utility vault.
17–74
Commercial high-voltage installations require specific knowledge.
17–75
CAUTION
Before cutting into walls and ceilings that may contain electrical wiring or gas piping, verify with the Incident Commander that electrical and gas utilities have been shut off.
17–76
Identify hazards associated with suppressing Class C fires.
Learning Objective 10
17–77
There are several consequences of the electrical hazards that are present at Class C fires.
17–78
Several factors influence the seriousness of an electrical shock.
17–79
You should know the guidelines for electrical emergencies.
17–80
(Cont.)
Establish exclusion zone
You should know the guidelines for electrical emergencies.
17–81
(Cont.)
You should know the guidelines for electrical emergencies.
17–82
(Cont.)
You should know the guidelines for electrical emergencies.
17–83
CAUTION
To exit a ground gradient area, keep both feet in contact with each other and hop or shuffle out of the affected area.
17–84
REVIEW QUESTION
What are some safety guidelines that can be used when suppressing Class C fires?
17–85
Describe actions associated with suppressing Class D fires.
Learning Objective 11
17–86
Suppressing Class D fires can present unique problems.
17–87
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Suppressing Class D fires requires understanding certain characteristics.
17–88
REVIEW QUESTION
How can a Class D fire be suppressed?
17–89
Explain actions taken when suppressing a vehicle fire.
Learning Objective 12
17–90
Vehicle fires are among the most common types of fires.
17–91
You should know vehicle incident size-up considerations.
17–92
(Cont.)
You should know vehicle incident size-up considerations.
17–93
(Cont.)
You should know vehicle incident size-up considerations.
17–94
Vehicle fire attack requires knowledge of several concepts.
17–95
Fires in different parts of the vehicle require specific procedures.
17–96
Engine or trunk
compartment
Alternative fuel vehicles may be apparent by certain visual indicators.
17–97
CAUTION
There may be no visual indicators that a vehicle uses an alternative fuel source.
17–98
There are several tactics to consider at alternative vehicle fuel fires.
17–99
Natural gas is used in one of two forms and has specific properties.
17–100
Liquefied petroleum gas is the third most common vehicle fuel type.
17–101
Electric alternative fuel vehicles should have visible indicators.
17–102
WARNING
Do not cut or contact any orange, blue, or yellow color-coded electrical cables or components in electric or hybrid electric vehicles.
17–103
There are several other alternative fuel types that may be present.
17–104
REVIEW QUESTION
What steps should be taken when suppressing a vehicle fire?
17–105
Compare methods used to suppress fires in stacked and piled materials, small unattached structures, and trash containers.
Learning Objective 13
17–106
Stacked and piled materials present unique suppression considerations.
17–107
Small unattached structures are found in all jurisdictions.
17–108
CAUTION
Chemicals used in the production of some illegal drugs are extremely toxic and volatile. Incidents involving them may require the assistance of trained hazardous materials personnel.
17–109
Trash container fires vary in size and create toxic combustion products.
17–110
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the factors that influence suppression methods in stacked and piled materials, small unattached structures, and trash containers?
17–111
Summarize the main influences on ground cover fire behavior.
Learning Objective 14
17–112
Ground cover fires vary in size, location, and causes.
17–113
WARNING
Ground cover fires can be deadly to firefighters even if they are working in very light fuels or working during the overhaul phase of an operation.
17–114
REVIEW QUESTION
What are a few of the main causes of ground cover fires?
17–115
Compare types of ground cover fires.
Learning Objective 15
17–116
There are several types of ground cover fires firefighters should know.
17–117
REVIEW QUESTION
How do surface fires and crown fires compare with ground fires?
17–118
Describe elements that influence ground cover fire behavior.
Learning Objective 16
17–119
Ground cover fire behavior is influenced by fuel and its characteristics.
17–120
Ground cover fire behavior is affected by certain weather factors.
17–121
Ground cover fire behavior is influenced by topography.
17–122
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What three elements influence ground cover fire behavior?
17–123
Identify the parts of a ground cover fire.
Learning Objective 17
17–124
Firefighters should be able to identify parts of a ground cover fire.
17–125
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the parts of a typical ground cover fire?
17–126
Describe protective clothing and equipment used in fighting
ground cover fires.
Learning Objective 18
17–127
Wildland protective clothing and equipment is different from standard structural turnout clothing.
17–128
REVIEW QUESTION
What types of protective clothing and equipment can be used when fighting ground cover fires?
17–129
Describe methods used to attack ground cover fires.
Learning Objective 19
17–130
Ground cover fires may be attacked directly or indirectly.
17–131
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REVIEW QUESTION
How do direct attack and indirect attack methods for ground fires compare with one another?
17–132
Summarize safety principles and practices when fighting ground
cover fires.
Learning Objective 20
17–133
Size-up information at ground cover fires includes several categories.
17–134
The LECS concept can help situational awareness be more effective.
17–135
The ten standard fire fighting orders can also be used at ground cover fires.
17–136
(Cont.)
The ten standard fire fighting orders can also be used at ground cover fires.
17–137
There are other non-fire hazards you should be aware of as well.
17–138
(Cont.)
There are other non-fire hazards you should be aware of as well.
17–139
REVIEW QUESTION
What safety principles and practices should firefighters use when fighting ground cover fires?
17–140
• Attacking fires early in development is an important aspect of a successful fire fighting operation. In addition, selecting and applying the most effective fire attack strategy and tactics are also important.
Summary
17–141
(Cont.)
• Failing to do any of these things can result in a fire growing out of control, an increase in fire damage and loss, and possibly in firefighter injuries.
• Firefighters need to know how to safely and effectively attack and extinguish fires involving structures, vehicles, stacked and piled materials, and ground cover.
Summary
17–142
Attack a structure fire using a direct, indirect, or combination attack.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-1.
Learning Objective 21
17–143
Attack a structure fire above, below, and at ground level – Interior attack.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-2.
Learning Objective 22
17–144
Turn off building utilities.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-3.
Learning Objective 23
17–145
Connect supply fire hose to a fire department connection.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-4.
Learning Objective 24
17–146
Operate a sprinkler system control valve.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-5.
Learning Objective 25
17–147
Stop the flow of water of an activated sprinkler.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-6.
Learning Objective 26
17–148
Deploy and operate a portable master stream device.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-7.
Learning Objective 27
17–149
Attack a passenger vehicle fire.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-8.
Learning Objective 28
17–150
Attack a fire in stacked or piled materials.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-9.
Learning Objective 29
17–151
Attack a fire in a small unattached structure.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-10.
Learning Objective 30
17–152
Extinguish a fire in a trash container.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-11.
Learning Objective 31
17–153
Attack a ground cover fire.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 17-I-12.
Learning Objective 32
17–154