chapter 06 ffi
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Essentials of Fire Fighting6th Edition
Firefighter I
Chapter 6 — Firefighter Personal Protective
Equipment
Describe the purpose of personal protective equipment.
Learning Objective 1
6–2
Describe characteristics of each type of personal protective equipment.
Learning Objective 2
6–3
Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes three basic components.
6–4
Personal protective equipment is designed to meet two purposes.
6–5
6–6
Structural fire fighting protective clothing must meet NFPA® 1971.
6–7
Altering protective clothing may endanger lives and have other effects.
DISCUSSION QUESTION
Why is it important to NEVER alter PPC components?
6–8
Personal protective equipment has several design benefits and limitations.
6–9
Helmets must be worn correctly to properly protect and identify firefighters.
6–10
Eye protection devices are required by NFPA® 1500 and come in many varieties.
6–11
Protective hoods provide a continuous layer of protection between coat and helmet.
6–12
REVIEW QUESTION
What is the purpose of personal protective equipment?
6–13
Protective coats are required by NFPA®1971 to have three layers, which provide limited protection.
a. Outer shell
b. Moisture barrier
c. Thermal barrier
6–14
WARNING!
All layers of the protective coat must be in place during any fire fighting operation. Failure to wear the entire coat and liner system during a fire may expose you to severe heat resulting in serious injury or death.
6–15
NFPA® 1971 requires several design features for protective coats.
6–16
Reflective trim Wristlets Collars
Drag Rescue Device (DRD)
Closure system
Additional PPC protects firefighters from a variety of hazards.
6–17
(Cont.)
Additional PPC protects firefighters from a variety of hazards.
6–18
Personal alert safety systems (PASS) aid in rescuing firefighters.
6–19
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Wildland PPC follows specifications found in NFPA® 1977.
6–20
Wildland PPC allows more movement but less protection than structural PPC.
6–21
(Cont.)
Wildland PPC allows more movement but less protection than structural PPC.
6–22
Do not wear underclothing made of synthetic materials.
6–23
REVIEW QUESTION
Why are there differences in the characteristics of structural fire fighting protective clothing and wildland personal protective
clothing?
6–24
WARNING!
Wildland personal protective clothing is not designed, certified, or intended for interior structural fire fighting.
6–25
Roadway operations clothing is designed to increase firefighter visibility.
6–26
Emergency medical protective clothing helps prevent transmission of diseases.
6–27
Special protective clothing can be used for other emergency incidents.
6–28
(Cont.)
Special protective clothing can be used for other emergency incidents.
6–29
(Cont.)
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Special protective clothing can be used for other emergency incidents.
6–30
Station/Work uniforms serve two functions for firefighters.
6–31
Station/Work uniforms must meet requirements of NFPA® 1975.
6–32
Summarize guidelines for the care of personal protective clothing.
Learning Objective 3
6–33
Care of personal protective equipment is a matter of safety.
6–34
Inspect PPC frequently and for several types of damage and/or contamination.
6–35
Inspection findings determine cleaning method used
NFPA® 1851 defines four types of PPE cleaning.
6–36
WARNING!
• Do not wash contaminated protective clothing in washing machines used for other garments or items.
• Do not take contaminated protective clothing into the living or sleeping quarters of the fire station or your residence.
• PPE should not be stored where it can come in contact with vehicle exhausts.
• PPE that is carried in personal vehicles should be placed in closable garment bags intended for that purpose.
6–37
PPC must be repaired immediately by qualified personnel.
6–38
REVIEW QUESTION
What are some basic guidelines for the care of personal protective
clothing?
6–39
Explain the safety considerations for personal protective equipment.
Learning Objective 4
6–40
PPE both protects and isolates firefighters from hazards.
6–41
Remember several specific safety considerations regarding PPE.
6–42
(Cont.)
Remember several specific safety considerations regarding PPE.
6–43
REVIEW QUESTION
What safety considerations do firefighters need to keep in mind when using personal protective equipment?
6–44
Identify respiratory hazards.
Learning Objective 5
6–45
Appropriate protection is the most effective respiratory protection.
6–46
Respiratory hazards often occur in situations immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).
6–47
Oxygen deficiency occurs most often (but not only) in areas of combustion.
Elevated temperatures can lead to superheated air.
6–49
Particulate contaminants come from many sources and pose serious health risks.
6–50
Gases and vapor enter the body in several ways and are very dangerous.
6–51
Gases
Vapors
A variety of harmful gases and vapors can be formed by combustion.
6–52
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydrogen Chloride
Sulfur DioxideCarbon
Monoxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Nitrous gases
Ammonia Phosgene
Formaldehyde
Nonfire incidents can also produce dangerous gases and vapors.
6–53
Keep distance
Wear SCBA
Airborne pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms suspended in air.
6–54
REVIEW QUESTION
What common respiratory hazards do firefighters face?
6–55
Identify types of respiratory protection equipment.
Learning Objective 6
6–56
Respiratory protection equipment is divided into two main categories.
6–57
Provides breathable air
Filters particulates only
ASRs are divided into further categories.
6–58
Supplied air respirators (SARs) are used only in specific conditions.
6–59
Open-circuit SCBAs are far more common than closed-circuit SCBA.
6–60
Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–61
(Cont.)
Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–62
(Cont.)
Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–63
(Cont.)
Open-circuit SCBA consists of four basic components.
6–64
Fit testing and other regulations apply to facepiece assemblies.
6–65
Additional components of SCBA provide safety features.
6–66
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Air-purifying respirators (APRs) contain single use filters for airborne particulates.
6–67
APRs are used only in specific instances involving particulates.
6–68
APRs have limitations and must be closely monitored.
6–69
REVIEW QUESTION
How do atmosphere-supplying respirators differ from air-purifying respirators?
6–70
Describe the limitations of respiratory protection equipment.
Learning Objective 7
6–71
Explain methods for storing respiratory protection equipment.
Learning Objective 8
6–72
Respiratory protection has both wearer and equipment limitations.
6–73
Offset by training, medical exams and proper fit testing.
Offset by training, medical exams and proper fit testing. (Cont.)
Respiratory protection has both wearer and equipment limitations.
6–74
Controlled by inspection, care, maintenance, training.
Controlled by inspection, care, maintenance, training.
NFPA® Safety Alert
High temperature environments can result in thermal degradation or melting of SCBA facepiece lenses.RESULTS:•Elimination of protection meant for the user’s respiratory system•Exposure to products of combustion and superheated air
6–75
REVIEW QUESTION
What are some of the limitations of respiratory protection equipment?
6–76
SCBA is stored according to local SOPs, but should be able to be quickly and easily donned.
6–77
REVIEW QUESTION
What should respiratory equipment be protected from during storage?
6–78
Describe general donning and doffing considerations for protective
breathing apparatus.
Learning Objective 9
6–79
Follow these general considerations when donning SCBA.
6–80
SCBA can be donned in several ways.
6–81
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(Cont.)
Caution!
Never connect the regulator and breathe cylinder air when seated in the apparatus. This activity will deplete your air supply before you arrive at the incident.
6–82
SCBA can be donned in several ways.
6–83
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Be aware of two important differences among SCBA facepieces.
6–84
Follow these general consideration when donning SCBA facepieces.
6–85
Follow these general considerations when doffing SCBA facepieces.
6–86
(Cont.)
Follow these general considerations when doffing SCBA facepieces.
6–87
REVIEW QUESTION
What general considerations need to be taken when donning and doffing protective breathing apparatus?
6–88
Summarize general considerations for protective breathing apparatus inspections and care.
Learning Objective 10
6–89
Several factors determine how frequently SCBA is inspected.
6–90
SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–91
(Cont.)
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–92
(Cont.)
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–93
(Cont.)
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SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–94
(Cont.)
SCBA must be inspected regularly, and damage reported immediately.
6–95
Proper care for SCBA means cleaning and sanitizing after each use.
6–96
(Cont.)
Proper care for SCBA means cleaning and sanitizing after each use.
6–97
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the general inspection and care considerations for protective breathing apparatus?
6–98
Trained and qualified personnel perform annual inspection and maintenance.
6–99
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Frequency of SCBA air cylinder hydrostatic testing varies by material.
6–100
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provides testing dates
Material
Steel/aluminum
Hoop-wrapped aluminum
Fully wrapped fiberglass
Fully wrapped KevlarTM
Fully wrapped carbon fiber
Summarize safety precautions for refilling SCBA cylinders.
Learning Objective 11
6–101
Explain procedures for replacing SCBA cylinders.
Learning Objective 12
6–102
Three sources can be used to refill SCBA air cylinders.
6–103
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Follow these general guidelines and precautions for all fill systems.
6–104
Refilling unshielded cylinders while donned is prohibited, but RIC/RITs are granted exceptions.
6–105
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Stationary fill systems use cascade system or fill direct from compressor.
6–106
Follow these safety precautions when using stationary fill stations.
6–107
Mobile fill stations are used at emergency incidents.
6–108
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Firefighting breathing air replenishment system (FBARS) are used in highrise buildings.
6–109
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REVIEW QUESTION
What kinds of safety precautions should be taken when refilling SCBA cylinders?
6–110
Replace SCBA cylinders only in specific circumstances.
6–111
REVIEW QUESTION
What methods can you use to replace an SCBA cylinder?
6–112
Explain safety precautions for SCBA use.
Learning Objective 13
6–113
Describe nonemergency and emergency exit indicators.
Learning Objective 14
6–114
Describe nonemergency exit techniques.
Learning Objective 15
6–115
Several safety precautions must be considered when using SCBA.
6–116
(Cont.)
Several safety precautions must be considered when using SCBA.
6–117
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the safety precautions taken when using an SCBA?
6–118
Exit procedures help you make rapid exits from many type incidents.
6–119
Nonemergency exit indicators are the most common.
6–120
Emergency exit indicators signal life threatening situations.
6–121
REVIEW QUESTION
What are common emergency and nonemergency exit indicators a
firefighter may encounter during an incident?
6–122
IC monitors potential hazards but you should monitor your oxygen levels.
6–123
Nonemergency exit techniques are based on Incident Command Systems (ICS) and NFPA® 1500.
6–124
(Cont.)
Nonemergency exit techniques are based on Incident Command Systems (ICS) and NFPA® 1500.
6–125
REVIEW QUESTION
What are some nonemergency exit techniques firefighters can use?
6–126
• Your PPE will protect you from hazards and minimize the risk of injury or fatality if properly worn, cleaned, and maintained.
• Respiratory equipment can protect you from toxic gases and vapors, particulates, and disease, but only if properly used, inspected, cleaned, and maintained.
Summary
6–127
• Knowing how to select the type of respiratory equipment that is appropriate, as well as manage your air supply, are also important.
Summary
6–128
Demonstrate the method for donning structural personal protective clothing for use at an emergency. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-1.
Learning Objective 16
6–129
With structural personal protective clothing in place, demonstrate the over-the-head method of donning an SCBA. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-2.
Learning Objective 17
6–130
With structural personal protective clothing in place, demonstrate the coat method of donning an SCBA. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-3.
Learning Objective 18
6–131
With structural personal protective clothing in place, demonstrate the method for donning an SCBA while seated. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-4.
Learning Objective 19
6–132
Doff personal protective equipment, including respiratory protection, and prepare for reuse.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-5.
Learning Objective 20
6–133
Demonstrate the steps for inspecting an SCBA.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-6
Learning Objective 21
6–134
Demonstrate the steps for cleaning an SCBA.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-7.
Learning Objective 22
6–135
Demonstrate the method for filling an SCBA cylinder from a cascade system, wearing appropriate PPE, including eye and ear protection. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-8.
Learning Objective 23
6–136
Demonstrate the method for filling an SCBA cylinder from a compressor/ purifier system, wearing appropriate PPE, including eye and ear protection. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-9.
Learning Objective 24
6–137
Demonstrate the one-person method for replacing an SCBA cylinder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-10.
Learning Objective 25
6–138
Demonstrate the two-person method for replacing an SCBA cylinder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 6-I-11.
Learning Objective 26
6–139