Chapter 16 Section 2Japan’s Pacific CampaignObjective: Explain how the Japanese expanded their power in the Pacific

Vocabulary: Isoroku Yamamoto, Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway, Douglas MacArthur, & Battle of Guadalcanal

Setting the Stage•Japan’s military leaders

also had dreams of an empire

•Their expansion begun in 1931

•To increase their resources, Japanese leaders looked toward the rich European colonies of Southeast Asia to expand their empire

Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor• Americans were aware of

Japanese plans for taking over European colonies in Southeast Asia

• The US feared their colonies would be threatened if Japan conquered European colonies

• In July 1941, Roosevelt cut of oil shipments to Japan

• Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto also called for an attack on the US fleet in Hawaii

Day of Infamy• December 7th 1941, the

Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

• Over 2 hours, the Japanese sunk 19 ships, including 8 battleships & 2300 Americans were killed

• Roosevelt declared the attack “a date which will live in infamy”

• Congress quickly accepted Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war on Japan & its allies

Japanese Victories• January 1942, Japanese

began their march toward the Philippines capital

•The Japanese took the Bataan Peninsula in April

•The Japanese also took control of British possessions in Asia

•The Japanese quickly made it clear that they had come as conquerors in Asia

Japanese Victories• The Japanese reserved

the most brutal treatment for Allied prisoners of war

• The Japanese considered it dishonorable to surrender

• Bataan Death March: prisoners of American & Filipino soldiers forced to march for 50 miles up the peninsula

• Out of 70,000 prisoners only 54,000 survived

The Allies Strike Back•April 1941,

Lieutenant Doolittle began bombing Tokyo & several other Japanese cities

•Although the bombing did very little, it showed the Americans & Japanese that Japan was vulnerable to attack

The Allies Turn the Tide•Allies began to try to

turn the tide of war•Battle of Coral Sea –

they began a new type of naval warfare

•Airplanes took off from ships & attacked ships

•Battle of Coral Sea – Allies had stopped Japan’s southward advance

The Battle of Midway• Japan next targeted Midway

Island, the location of a key American airfield

• Allied coder breakers learned of the attack ahead of time

• Yamamoto hoped that attack on Midway would draw the whole US Pacific Fleet from Pearl Harbor to defend the island

• American ships hid beyond the horizon & attacked Japanese ships & planes at Midway Island

• The Battle of Midway turned the tide of war in the Pacific

An Allied Offensive• General Douglas MacArthur,

developed a plan to “island-hop” to bring the allies closer to Japan

• Allies wanted to attack the Japanese airbase on the island of Guadalcanal

• Battle of Guadalcanal turned into a savage struggle as both sides continued to fight for control

• The Japanese eventually abandoned the island