Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersChild Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPreschoolers haveincreased mobility.improved motor skills.expanding vocabulary and language skills.Preschooler social development includesmaking friends.cooperative play.dealing with conflict.*

Preview of Preschoolershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdlaQTS76VU *

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersDevelopment and CareChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPreschoolers are children between the ages of three and five years.Preschoolers are ready and eager to learn.Larger group settings offer opportunities for preschoolers to play and interact with others.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPhysical DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersGrowth is slow and gradual.Appetites are small.Nutrition is especially important.Children begin to lose babylike features.Heart rate slows and steadiesBlood pressure increasesDigestive tract matures, lags behind other organs

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPhysical DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersSmall and large motor skills are refined and complex.Preschoolers master greater control of their bodies.Activities and skills includerunning, galloping, hopping, and climbing.balance beam.Standing on one foot static (6)ball throwing. (7)swaying to music; learning rhythms and dances.bicycle riding. dynamic (6)Motor Development*

Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching Preschoolers

*Physical DevelopmentFine-Motor Development

3 year olds4 year olds5 year oldsBuilds uneven tower of blocksCuts on line with scissors (9)Folds paper along the diagonalPours water from a pitcherWashes handsCopies a square and a triangleCopies a circleCopies a letter tTraces a diamond shapeDraws a straight lineMakes a few lettersLaces shoes and may tie them (10)

Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersAverage Heights and Weights of PreschoolersChild Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching Preschoolers*

Chart1

3837.25

39.2539.25

40.7540.5

4242

43.2543

4544.5

Boys

Girls

Height

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BoysGirlsSeries 3

33837.252

3.539.2539.252

440.7540.53

4.542425

543.2543

5.54544.5

Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersAverage Heights and Weights of PreschoolersChild Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching Preschoolers*

Chart1

32.2531.25

34.2534

36.536.25

38.538.5

41.541

45.544

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BoysGirlsSeries 3

332.2531.252

3.534.25342

436.536.253

4.538.538.55

541.541

5.545.544

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPhysical DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersHand-eye coordination and smaller motor skills increase.Activities and skills includeusing crayons and paintbrushes to create shapes and pictures.writing letters of the alphabet.simple cooking tasks.Perceptual Motor Development*

Types of PlayPlay with ObjectsSymbolic Play: engage in fantasy playPretendProject mental images on objectsExample: a stick can become a horsePlay with PeopleAssociative play: two or more children play a common activityNot organized*

Red Light, Green LightRed Light: Static BalanceGreen Light: Dynamic Balance*

Read, Discuss, AnalyzeThree-year-old Garrett and five-year-old Tony love to play with blocks. Their parents encourage them to build towers. Sometimes Garretts block towers are crooked, while Tonys are straight. Yesterday, Garretts father challenged the boys to build tall towers. Garrets tower toppled to the floor, while Tonys stood tall.

What might account for the differences between Garretts and Tonys block towers?*

Read, Discuss, and AnalyzeTrue or FalseTonys fine-motor skills are more developed than Garretts.The boys father should expect both boys block towers to be equal.Garretts fine-motor development seems typical for a three-year-old.The story identified age differences in gross-motor skills.*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersIntellectual DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersIntellectual abilities become more refined.Attention span lengthens. Curiosity leads to observation, analysis, problem solving, and recognizing cause and effect. Memory and ability to anticipate events increase. Preschoolers can make more complex decisions and improve game-playing skills.*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersIntellectual DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersClassification and CentrationClassification is categorizing objects according to similarities.Preoperational thought limits preschoolers focus to one characteristic at a time (centration).Preschoolers generally consider one quality at a time.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersIntellectual DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersYounger preschoolers are capable of rote counting.Older preschoolers are capable of rational counting.Children must comprehend the math concept of one-to-one correspondence before they can count accurately.Preschoolers are beginning to understand now, later, yesterday, today, and tomorrow, but not clocks or calendars.Numbers, Counting, and Time*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersIntellectual DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersConservation is difficult for preschoolers to grasp because their understanding is limited by what can be seen.Preschoolers do not consider size, shape, and volume when determining amounts.Conservation*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersLanguage DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPreschoolers understand more words than they can speak.Reinforcement, encouragement, and good examples from caregivers promote language development.Language becomes more expressive, with facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersLanguage DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersChildren gradually learn grammar and pronunciation rules and exceptions.Early childhood educators should focus on content rather than on grammar or speech mechanics.Grammar and Pronunciation*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersLanguage DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersIt is not unusual for preschoolers to leave long pauses between words or to repeat a sound or a word many times. This is a result of thinking ability exceeding speaking ability.True stuttering may require a referral to a speech-language pathologist.Stuttering*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersLanguage DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersBecause of early brain development, preschoolers can master multiple languages more easily than adults. To encourage bilingual development,use names correctly.use cultural greeting songs.label learning centers.use languages at snack time.play ethnic music at nap time.use a childs first language at departure time.Bilingual Development*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersEmotional DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersBecause of improved language skills, preschoolers can identify feelings and vent emotions with words rather than with physical outbursts.Empathy and compassion begin to develop.Empathy Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziBfvZVVNSE *

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersEmotional DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersSelf-esteem comes from taking pride in accomplishments.Self-esteem increases as self-help skills develop.Independence and self-worth motivate children to accomplish more.Self-Esteem*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersEmotional DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPreschoolers learn who they are as males and females by observing and copying adults.Early childhood professionals need to show the full potential of both genders.Promote diversity and encourage self-esteem by including children in all activities, according to their interests and abilities. Gender Identity and Roles*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersEmotional DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersEarly childhood professionals can promote preschoolers resilience.Resilience is the ability to develop and to thrive in times of hardship and crisis.Consistent, reliable routines help preschoolers feel relaxed, secure, and better able to cope with changes and challenges.Building Resilience*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersSocial DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersThrough play, preschoolers develop social skills.Preschoolers become more comfortable engaging in cooperative play.Friendships are usually temporary.Preschoolers often bribe other children into friendship.Making Friends: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASdj7IGc8aQ Forming Friendships*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersSocial DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersConflicts usually arise over toys and personal property.Name-calling is common at this stage.Teachers should help children recognize and accept their feelings by naming and describing them for the child.Dealing with Conflict*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersSocial DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersSocial play influences intellectual and social development.As children play with others who are socially competent, they learn to act according to their cultures specific rules.Social play helps children increase their thinking and problem-solving skills.Influence of Social Play*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersManaging Preschool ProgramsChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersEarly childhood programs must offer many chances for children to refine their skills so they can reach their full potential. As preschoolers skills develop, they require more freedom to make independent choices.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersManaging Daily Schedules and RoutinesChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersA typical routine might includearrival.meals and snacks.personal hygiene.morning group meetings.large-group experiences.activity times for individual and small-group learning.field trips.toy cleanup times and nap or rest time.departure.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersNurturing Physical DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersMore complex small and large motor coordination skills and refined coordination allow preschoolers to enjoy a wider variety of games, physical activities, and challenges.Teachers nurture physical development by providing children activities that expand their skills in all developmental areas. Children refine their coordination when they use art materials, writing instruments, and computer mouses.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersThe process of learning to recognize and understand abstract symbols that represent spoken words is the beginning of literacy.Nurturing Intellectual Development*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersNurturing Intellectual DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPreschoolers develop literacy skills rapidly.Daily encounters with sensory materials in both indoor and outdoor environments stimulate brain development.Teachers provide children with hands-on experiences that encourage thinking skills.Teachers provide opportunities for children to observe, describe, and make sense of new shapes, textures, sounds, and tastes. Teachers prompt children to explain, compare, and contrast their experiences.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersNurturing Emotional DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersImproved language skills help preschoolers deal more effectively with frustrations.Teachers nurture emotional development by helping children cope with emotional events through empathy rather than distraction.Preschoolers need many opportunities to express their emotions and ideas.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersNurturing Social DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersTeachers nurture social development by offering activities that require cooperation and teamwork.Through cooperative play, preschoolers refine their social skills.

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Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersChild care teachers can encourage preschoolers cooperative learning skills by introducing a wide variety of play materials that require more advanced thinking skills.Nurturing Social Development*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersNurturing Social DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersTo encourage cooperative-learning skills,create learning centers that encourage group play.provide play materials that require refined perceptual motor skills.plan projects that require teamwork.conduct activities that allow children to make plans and decisions together.Cooperative Learning*

Child Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersNurturing Social DevelopmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersTo encourage community awareness,plan field trips.use community resources to expand the curriculum. invite community members to the class.include children in community service projects. draw attention to basic rules communities set for behavior.Community Awareness*

Describe the physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development of preschoolers.Review Key ConceptsChild Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPhysicalslow and gradualsmall appetitesgreater body controlincreased perceptual motor developmentChapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersIntellectualincreased attention spancan focus on one characteristic at a timebeginning to understand numbersrapid language development leads to literacyEmotionalincreased range of experiencesempathy, compassion, resiliency, and self-esteem develop Socialfriendships developconflicts arisesocial play increases*

Identify features of preschool programs.Review Key ConceptsChild Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersEarly childhood programs must offer preschoolers many chances to refine their skills so that children may reach their full learning potential. Preschool programs should include a predictable daily routine and plenty of opportunities for the teacher to nurture children in all areas of development.Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching Preschoolers*

Explain how preschoolers develop literacy.Review Key ConceptsChild Care Today, Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching PreschoolersPreschoolers greater intellectual capacity allows them to recognize and understand abstract symbols that represent spoken words. That process includes the beginning steps toward achieving the ability to read and write language (literacy). Preschoolers use more detailed and expressive language. They begin to ask more questions about others activities rather than only making simple statements about their own play.Chapter 16: Nurturing and Teaching Preschoolers*

End of Chapter 16 Nurturing and Teaching Preschoolers*

***1. True or false. Compared to the toddler years, the rate of growth speeds up during the preschool years. False2. True or false. Preschool childrens weight increases because of head (brain) growth. False3. True or false. At the end of the preschool years, the childs legs equal about half the total body length. True4. Which of the following matures most slowly: brain, digestive tract, or heart? Digestive Tract: cannot handle high fiber foods.

*5. ____(fine-, gross-) motor skills refer to how well a child can balance and jump. Gross6. List the two kinds of balance that preschool children develop through regular physical activity. Dynamic and static7. What two new actions help the preschoolers throwing ability? Body rotation and weight shift8. List four fine-motor skills developed in the preschool period.9. True or False. A four year old can cut following a line with round-tipped scissors. True10. True or False. Most four-year-olds can tie their shoelaces without help. False

****TrueFalseTrueFalse ******************************