CHAPTER 16

European Contact Between the rest of the World have gone through 4 stages1st Stage = European Discovery2nd Stage = Exploration3rd Stage = Initial Conquest4th Stage = Settlement of the New World

Characteristics of European Expansion

• Growth of world trade and Rivalries – Spain and Portugal • Revitalize empires

– Netherlands and France– Great Britain• 1707

– Union of England and Scotland

• Leading maritime (navigation of sea or trading) Power

European Empires

New America’s

• High Demand for slaves• Slave based Plantation Economy• Over three centuries (300yrs) of involvement

between– Europeans (transported the slaves)– White Americans (demanded the supply slaves

and purchased the slaves)– Africa (Tribal leaders who sold or traded outcaste

members of their society)

Slave Trade Created

• Extensive Communities of Africans– Chesapeake Region, Maryland and Virginia to South

Brazil

• Slaves brought to the Americas– Labor Experience– Language – Customs – Ethnic Association– Africans became a big influence in Western Society

Era of Independence in the Americas.

• Eventually the 13 colonies are going to break away from Great Britain

• South American Colonies are going to Break away from Spain.

Imperialism

Definition = When a stronger nation takes over a country Politically Economically and Culturally (PEC).

Cause = Militarism Economic Expansion Social Darwinism Humanitarian and Religion• Europeans treated these new people as inferior

savage beings who were uncivilized.

3rd Stage = Late 1800s Imperialism

• European Governments started to carve out new colonies and land in – Africa – Asia– Australia– New Zealand– South Africa – AlgeriaLast Stage Europe Asserted their Imperialistic powers over much of the rest of the world

Mercantilism • Economic Policy• Believed in moderate growth only 4 countries• European colonize existed for the purpose of building of

gold supplies and expanding trade for the home country• Mother country exported (manufactured goods) more

then imported.• Making $$$ or profit for the mother country– Government had the right to regulate trade and commerce– Increase countries Wealth

• Fatten the Treasure chest of a country– War

Peace of Utrecht• Sets boundaries of Empires first half of 18th century.• Spain Controls – All Of mainland South America

• Except for Brazil = Portugal• Except for Dutch Guiana

– North American Holdings• Florida• Mexico • California• Southwest

– Central America– Islands = Cuba, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Eastern part of

Dominican Republic.

Spanish Empire

British Empire

• North Atlantic Seaboard • Nova Scotia• Newfoundland• Bermuda • Jamaica• Barbados• Few trading Substations on the Indian

Continent

British Empire

England Mercantilism

• Unusual Idea• Government and economic regulations should

serve private interests of individuals and groups.

• The public needs before the state

French Empire

• Saint Lawrence River Valley• Ohio and Mississippi River Valley• West Indies of San Domingue (Modern Haiti)• Guadeloupe and Martinique• Stations in India• Stations on the West Coast of Africa

French Empire

France Mercantilism

• Puts needs of state first• Did not see a need for union of public and

private interest for common good.

Dutch Empire

• Surinam or Dutch Guiana, in South America• Cape Colony, South Africa• Sri Lanka• Bengal in India• Controlled trade with Java in Indonesia• Opened these trade centers in the 17th

century– Brought wealth importance

Dutch Empire

Navigation Act 1786

• Goods imported from Europe into Great Britain be carried ONLY on BRITISH SHIPS

• By BRITISH CREW

• British colonies could only trade with their mother country (Britain)

• Results for British– Increase military power– Increase private wealth

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