chapter 15: the first global age section 1: the search for spices section 2: diverse traditions of...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 15: The First Global Age
Section 1: The Search for Spices
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
Section 1: The Search for Spices Europeans Explore the Seas
Prior to the Renaissance, Europeans had been introduced to luxury goods from Asia via the Crusades and the overland trade routes established by the Mongol Empire
Trade Routes from Asia to Europe
Section 1: The Search for Spices As the Renaissance was reaching its height,
the growing population of Europe began to demand greater quantities of Asian goods The most valued of these goods were spices,
such as: Cinnamon Nutmeg Cloves Pepper
Section 1: The Search for Spices
Motives: In the 1400s, Muslim and Italian merchants
controlled most of the trade between Asia and Europe They had a monopoly on Asian goods and charged high
prices
The rest of Europe wanted to by-pass these middle-men and gain direct access to Asian goods Direct access would mean cheaper prices for European
consumers
Section 1: The Search for Spices Improved Technology helped Europeans to travel
the seas Cartographers, or mapmakers produced accurate
maps The Astrolabe allowed sailors to determine latitude
while at sea The Caravel was a combination of the “squared”
European sail and the triangular Arab sail that allowed for faster traveling of the ocean
Astrolabe
+
= Caravel
European Square & Arab Triangular
Caravel
Section 1: The Search for Spices Portugal Sails Eastward
Prince Henry the Navigator created schools for sailors, commissioned (placed orders) cartographers to draw maps, and financed (paid for) the explorations of Africa
In 1460, Bartholomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa and opened a sea route to Asia with his exploration
Section 1: The Search for Spices Columbus Sails to the West
He convinced Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to finance his “enterprise to the Indies” Columbus spent several months in the Caribbean, which
he believed to be India, and began calling the people he found Indians
Section 1: The Search for Spices
The Line of Demarcation Spain and Portugal argued over who owned the
lands that Columbus had explored In 1493, Pope Alexander VI stepped in to mediate the
peace He set the Line of Demarcation dividing the non-European world
into two zones: Spain was to control all land to the west of the line, and
Portugal all land to the east
Section 1: The Search for Spices
Continued European Exploration Europeans continue to seek routes around
and through the Americas: In 1513, Spanish adventurer, Vasco Nunez de
Balboa became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from an American shore
Section 1: The Search for Spices In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan begins his
journey to circumnavigate or sail around the world In 1522, the survivors of the journey returned
home to be hailed as heroes Of the original 5 ships and 250 men, 1 ship and 18
men returned (Magellan had died in 1521)
Section 1: The Search for Spices
Search for the Northwest Passage In 1497, King Henry VII of England sent a
navigator named John Cabot to seek a more northerly route to the new world Cabot found rich fishing grounds off
Newfoundland, which he claimed for England
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
Summary: Because of its location, Southeast Asia was affected
by the cultures of China and India
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is composed of a mainland and scattered islands It is located between China and India Modern countries there include Myanmar (Burma),
Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei and Malaysia
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
Ships traveling between China and India had to pass through Southeast Asian waters Between monsoon seasons, ships waited in
Southeast Asian ports These ports became centers of trade and culture
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
India and China influenced the culture of Southeast Asia Indians traveling to Southeast Asia brought ideas
about government, law, art and architecture They introduced Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam to the
region In 111B.C., China conquered Northern Vietnam The Chinese ruled Vietnam for 1,000 years During that time the Vietnamese adopted many Chinese ideas
Section 2: Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
Kingdoms emerged in Southeast Asia that blended Indian and Southeast Asian ways The ruler of the kingdom of Pagan united the region
in A.D.1044 and introduce Buddhism The Kymer Empire thrived between 800-1350
Kymer rulers became Hindus
The Srivijaya nation prospered between the 600s and the 1200s As in other nations, its people added Hindu and Buddhist
ideas to their own religious practices
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
Summary: Europeans used military power
to build trading empires in Southeast Asia
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
In 1510, the Portuguese took control of the Indian Ocean trade network from the Muslims The Portuguese seized the port of Malacca,
the most important Arab trading city They also conquered cities on the east coast
of Africa and destroyed Arab ships at seaIn a short time, Portugal controlled the
spice trade between Europe and Asia
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
By the late 1500s, Portuguese power in the Indian Ocean was declining
Meanwhile, the Dutch were setting up trading colonies around the world In 1641 the Dutch captured Malacca from the
Portuguese and began trading with ChinaBefore long, the Dutch controlled the
Asian spice trade
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
Before the 1700s, the Mughal Empire in India was richer and more powerful than any European empire The Mughal’s did not want to trade with the
Europeans Still, Mughal emperors allowed European
trading companies to build forts and warehouses along the coast of India
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
In the early 1700s, Mughal leaders ended their policy of religious toleration and conflicts began to arise Civil war led to a decline in Mughal
power
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia & India
Then, the British East India Company forced the Mughal emperor to allow it to collect taxes in northeast India
Before long the company was the real ruler of the region
Slowly the Company spread its influence to other parts of India
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia Summary:
China, Korea and Japan limited contact with western nations
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia European traders reached China in 1514
The Ming rulers of China were not interested in European goods because they thought the goods were not well made
They allowed Europeans to trade only at Canton and forced them to leave after each trading season ended
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia When the Ming Dynasty declined, Manchu
conquers from the west set up the Qing Dynasty The Qing continued to limit European
traders, reject foreign goods and refuse treatiesLater, this policy would prove disastrous
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia Before 1500, Korean traders
traveled all over East Asia Then, in the 1590s, Japan
conquered Korea Less than fifty years later, the
Manchus forced Korea to become a tributary state of China
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia In response the Koreans decided to
isolate themselves Foreigners were not allowed in
Korea Shipwrecked sailors were
imprisoned Korea became known as the
“Hermit Kingdom”
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia At first, the Japanese welcomed
European traders and ideas The Japanese bought European
weapons and learned how to build castles in the European style
Many Japanese converted to Christianity
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
However, Japanese rulers did not trust the EuropeansIn time they forced all
Europeans to leave Japan and persecuted Japanese Christians
Section 4: Encounters in East Asia
By 1638, Japanese rulers had ended western trade and banned travel outside the country Japan remained isolated for
the next 200 years