chapter 14 section 4: pushing back the axis
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Chapter 14 Section 4: Pushing Back the Axis. Warm-Up. How did the American people sacrifice during World War II? Are all Americans treated equally during this time? . Map. 14.4- Striking Germany and Italy. 1943- Casablanca, Morocco: Churchill and FDR meet Step up bombing of Germany - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 14Section 4: Pushing Back the Axis
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Warm-Up
• How did the American people sacrifice during World War II? Are all Americans treated equally during this time?
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Map
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14.4- Striking Germany and Italy
• 1943- Casablanca, Morocco: Churchill and FDR meet – Step up bombing of Germany • Why continue bombing?
– Goal: Destroy German military and morale
• Result somewhat of a success – Severe oil shortage– Destroyed railroads and aircraft
factories
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14.4- Striking Germany and Italy
• US and Britain also decided to attack Sicily(1943)– Churchill called Italy the “Soft underbelly” of
Europe– Convinced that Italians would quit the war if the
Allies invaded• Attack on Sicily creates a crisis in Italy – King of Italy lost confidence in Mussolini– Mussolini gets arrested
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Allies Land in Anzio
• Germany took control of northern Italy– Germany returns Mussolini to power
• America lands behind German lines – 1st invasion on European soil – Prelude to D-Day
• Italian campaign was one of the bloodies in the war – 300,000 Allied casualties – Largest amphibious (water to land)
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Saving Private Ryan- First 20 minutes
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Warm Up 3-20
• Saving Private Ryan-Discuss • Why was it important that the U.S. and Great
Britain successfully beat Germany in Africa?• What was the Casablanca Conference? • How are the bombings in Germany similar to
the Doolittle Raid in Tokyo?• Why were amphibious landings difficult?
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Tehran Conference: Tehran, Iran 1943Who are these guys?
What do you think they want?
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The Tehran Conference • Stalin, Churchill, and FDR meet in
Tehran, Iran 1943– Dealing with Stalin is difficult communism
– “The enemy of my enemy is my friend”
– Stalin wants a full out two front war in Europe and Russia
• Stalin promised to launch a full scale offensive against the Germans when Allies invade France– Once Germany was defeated
Soviets would help US defeat Japan
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Landing In France • Operation Overlord (D-Day)- Codename for the
invasion– Roosevelt selected General Eisenhower (Why)
• Hitler fortified the coast along the English Channel • The Germans believed the Allies would land in
Pas-de-Calais– Area of France closest to Britain
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Planning Operation Overlord (D-Day)• Creates a two front war – The invasion of
Europe from the allies will lead to the downfall of Nazi Germany
• Also known as D-Day• Allies preparation of invasion 1944– 1.5 million American soldiers– 12,000 airplanes– 5 million tons of equipment
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Key Requirements for Operation Overlord (D-DAY)
• #1)The invasion had to begin at night- to hide the ships
• #2)Arrive at a low tide- could see the beach obstacles
• #3) Weather needed to be good
• Think about storms– high waves
• June 6th 1944 – Eisenhower gives the OK
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The Longest Day: D-day
• 23,000 paratroopers- behind enemy lines • Utah Beach went smoothly– everything’s OK– German forces were weak
• Omaha Beach was a struggle for allied forces– 2,500 Americans were killed or wounded – 35,000 troops had landed at Omaha – 23,000 troops had landed at Utah
• Largest amphibious operation in history had SUCCEEDED
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Map
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SWITCH TO THE PACIFICMap: The Pacific
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The Pacific- Driving Japan Back
• The Pacific Fleet– Commanded by Admiral Nimitz – “Island Hopping” from one island to the next– Why is it so bloody? – Creep closer and closer to Japan
• General MacArthur- would advance from the South Philippines – Creates another two front war
• MAP- PAGE 513
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Map
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Island-Hopping in the Pacific• Tarawa (1943)– Problem: coral reef troops
have to wade in the beach very dangerous
– 1 in 3 Marines made it to shore
– Took island but suffered high casualties
• Marshall Islands (Feb. 1944)– Went Smoothly
• Mariana Islands– Use as a base for new heavy
bomber – B-29s could bomb Japan – Captured by August 1944
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MacArthur Returns
• Campaign began by invading Guadalcanal
• Move Toward the Philippines
• Troops began to land on Leyte Gulf in Philippines
• Largest naval battle in history
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MacArthur Returns• Japan uses kamikazes– Fly the plan into the ship– Why?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypLuXx6SKgU
• Philippines recaptured after five months
• 80,000 Japanese were killed