chapter 14 organic compounds with oxygen and halogens
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Chapter 14 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens. CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley. Learning Objectives. Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides. Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1 ° 2° or 3° - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 14
Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens
CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II
Alfred State College
Professor Bensley
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Learning Objectives
Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides. Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1° 2°
or 3° Determine the properties of alcohols, ethers,
and alkyl halides. Name alcohols, ehters, and alkyl halides. Draw the products of the dehydration of
alcohols. Determine the products of alcohol oxidation.
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Alcohols
1o
I. Structure and PropertiesA. Classification
2o 3o
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Alcohols
B. Shape and bond angle:
C. Polarity:
D. Intermolecular Forces:
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Alcohols
E. Melting points and boiling points:
F. Solubility:
2 C’s in chainwater soluble
8 C’s in chainwater insoluble
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Alcohols
Example
Give the IUPAC name of the following alcohol.
II. Nomenclature
• Common Names
• Diols and Triols
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Alcohols
•Methanol (CH3OH)
•Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
•2-Propanol (CH3)2CHOH), isopropyl alcohol
III. Interesting Common Alcohols
•Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH)
•Glycerol [(HOCH2)2CHOH]
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Alcohols
A. Oxidation
• # of C—O bonds, # of C—H bonds
IV. Reactions of Alcohols
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Alcohol Oxidation
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AlcoholsB. Dehydration (Elimination Reaction) – Major Lab #2
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Alcohols
C1 C2 C3 CH3H
H H H
H HOH
2-butanol
H2SO4
C1 C2 C3 CH3H
H H H
H
C1 C2 C3 CH3H
H H H
H
+ H2O
+ H2O
1-butene
2-butene
•Asymmetric alcohols can form two possible products.
• Zaitsev Rule
major product:
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EthersI. Structure and Properties
A. Shape and bond angle:
B. Polarity:
C. Intermolecular Forces?
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Ethers
D. Melting and Boiling Points:
E. Solubilities:
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Ethers
Simple ethers are usually assigned common names:
CH3 O CH2CH3
methyl ethyl
ethyl methyl ether
CH3CH2 O CH2CH3
ethyl ethyl
diethyl ether
II. Nomenclature
More complex ethers are named using the IUPAC system:
CH3O—methoxy
CH3CH2O—ethoxy
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Alkyl Halides
1o
I. Structure and Properties
2o 3o
• Polarities, Intermolecular forces, Melting and Boiling Points, Solubility
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Alkyl Halides
ExampleGive the IUPAC name of the followingalkyl halide.
II. Nomenclature