chapter 14 citizenship in school

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Citizenship in SchoolCitizenship in School

Section 1:Section 1: The U.S. School SystemThe U.S. School System

Section 2:Section 2: The Best Education for YouThe Best Education for You

Section 3:Section 3: Developing Your Life SkillsDeveloping Your Life Skills



The Main IdeaEducation is vital to American society and to American

democracy. The U.S. school system helps prepare you to be a good citizen.

Reading Focus Why is education important? What are the levels of the U.S. school system? What American values can be found in education,

and what challenges face schools today?




Americans value education:Americans value education:

Important for citizens’ developmentImportant for citizens’ development ——learning learning develops the talents of the individual; access to develops the talents of the individual; access to education creates opportunity to succeededucation creates opportunity to succeed

Important for the country’s developmentImportant for the country’s development ——future future depends on Americans working for the common depends on Americans working for the common good; education teaches citizens to contribute to good; education teaches citizens to contribute to societysociety




The beginning of the U.S. school system:The beginning of the U.S. school system: 16471647——law passed that required almost all towns in law passed that required almost all towns in

Massachusetts to set up public schoolsMassachusetts to set up public schools Thomas Jefferson believed educated citizens were Thomas Jefferson believed educated citizens were

essential to democracy.essential to democracy. 1800s1800s——Horace Mann worked to establish public Horace Mann worked to establish public

schools for all children.schools for all children. 1860s1860s——The struggle for public, taxThe struggle for public, tax--supported schools supported schools

gained ground.gained ground. High schools began to appear after the Civil War.High schools began to appear after the Civil War.




Levels of the U.S. school system:Levels of the U.S. school system: PreschoolPreschool KindergartenKindergarten Elementary schoolElementary school Junior high schoolJunior high school High schoolHigh school Higher educationHigher education


Many jobs require college and university training; wellMany jobs require college and university training; well--educated educated citizens often earn higher incomes.citizens often earn higher incomes.



College/University [03:55



Trade School [02:25]



Question: What values guide education in the United States today?

SECTION 1

freedom for any creed or religion

enriching environment

local control

equal schooling for all

free public education

compulsory attendance

American Values in Education



The Main IdeaYou can be successful in school if you are aware of the

opportunities that your school has to offer and if you are prepared to take advantage of those opportunities.

Reading Focus How can being prepared for school help you be

successful in school? What are the seven goals of education? How can extracurricular activities help you be

successful in school?




Seven goals of education:Seven goals of education:

Using basic learning skillsUsing basic learning skills Learning to work with othersLearning to work with others Health educationHealth education Training for your life’s workTraining for your life’s work Active citizenshipActive citizenship Considerate behaviorConsiderate behavior Wise use of leisure timeWise use of leisure time




Preparing for class work and tests:Preparing for class work and tests: Budget your time for studying and for tests.Budget your time for studying and for tests. Select a regular study place with space, light, and Select a regular study place with space, light, and

silence.silence. Take notes while reading.Take notes while reading. Understand your assignment.Understand your assignment. Get the most from your textbooks.Get the most from your textbooks. Come prepared to participate in class.Come prepared to participate in class. Review notes and find study partners for tests.Review notes and find study partners for tests.




Benefits of extracurricular activities:Benefits of extracurricular activities:

Allow you to work with others toward a goalAllow you to work with others toward a goal Develop individual abilities and interestsDevelop individual abilities and interests Encourage selfEncourage self--expressionexpression May help with college admissions and May help with college admissions and

scholarshipsscholarships Create opportunities to make new friendsCreate opportunities to make new friends




Question: How can a person best prepare for class work and tests?

SECTION 2

How to Study

Select a quiet place

to study.

Take notes while you read.

Make effective use

of your textbook.

Keep materials you need close at

hand.



A Dropout's Perspective [02:44]



The Main Idea

One of the key life skills you learn in school should be learning how to think. If you learn how to think critically, you will be able to solve many of the

problems you face in school and in life.

Reading Focus How are learning and experience related? What are the steps involved in critical thinking? Why should you learn to think for yourself?




Learning and experience are related:Learning and experience are related: All learning is a result of direct observation or All learning is a result of direct observation or

participation in events.participation in events. ConditioningConditioning involves motor responses and involves motor responses and

behavior resulting from an experience.behavior resulting from an experience. Copying others, looking, listening, and roleCopying others, looking, listening, and role--

playing are types of learning.playing are types of learning. Thinking involves awareness, interpretation, and Thinking involves awareness, interpretation, and

understanding of experiences.understanding of experiences.




Steps in thinking critically:Steps in thinking critically:

Define the issueDefine the issue Distinguish fact from opinionDistinguish fact from opinion Weigh the evidenceWeigh the evidence Reach a conclusionReach a conclusion




Peoples’ thinking is influenced byPeoples’ thinking is influenced by

families, teachers, and friends.families, teachers, and friends. celebrities, mass media, and propaganda.celebrities, mass media, and propaganda. social and work groups.social and work groups.




People must think for themselvesPeople must think for themselves

to be objective and free of bias.to be objective and free of bias. to vote wisely, understand current affairs, and to vote wisely, understand current affairs, and

solve problems.solve problems. to allow our system of government to work.to allow our system of government to work.




Question: Why is it important to think for oneself, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of making certain choices?

SECTION 3

Situation: witness to stealing of

a testChoice B

Choice A

Choice C

Advantages

Disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages



Chapter 14 Wrap-Up1. What are the two main reasons Americans value

education?2. Where did public schooling begin in the United

States, and when did it become widespread?3. What approaches to learning and studying will

make you more successful in school?4. How can extracurricular activities enhance your

education?5. What must a student do to develop and exercise

critical thinking skills?6. What are the benefits of thinking through problems

and issues for yourself?

1. What are the two main reasons Americans value education?

2. Where did public schooling begin in the United States, and when did it become widespread?

3. What approaches to learning and studying will make you more successful in school?

4. How can extracurricular activities enhance your education?

5. What must a student do to develop and exercise critical thinking skills?

6. What are the benefits of thinking through problems and issues for yourself?

chapter 14 citizenship in school

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