chapter 13 westward expansion. ________________ _______________: the belief that god intended for...
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CHAPTER 13CHAPTER 13WESTWARD EXPANSIONWESTWARD EXPANSION
_______________________________________________: _______________: the belief that God the belief that God
intended for the intended for the United States to United States to
occupy all the land occupy all the land between the Atlantic between the Atlantic
and the Pacificand the Pacific
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 239-243pp. 239-243
• Reasons for Going WestReasons for Going West• Desire for __________Desire for __________• Lure of the __________Lure of the __________• __________/New Start__________/New Start• ___________Reasons___________Reasons• The Nation’s MoodThe Nation’s Mood
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 239-243pp. 239-243
• Early Trails Through the WestEarly Trails Through the West
• TrailbrazersTrailbrazers
• ____________________(trappers in the ____________________(trappers in the Rockies)Rockies)
• Jedediah Smith: discovered South PassJedediah Smith: discovered South Pass
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 239-243pp. 239-243
• The The ________________________________________________________• first American first American
route west of the route west of the Missouri RiverMissouri River
• important trade important trade routeroute
• declined in declined in importance due to importance due to the railroadthe railroad
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 239-243pp. 239-243
• ____________________________________
• governmentsgovernments
• churcheschurches
• peddlers and storespeddlers and stores
• developed along transportation routes developed along transportation routes or near power sources.or near power sources.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 239-243pp. 239-243
• The __________had The __________had set up Catholic set up Catholic missions to cement its missions to cement its claims to Texas and claims to Texas and the Southwest.the Southwest.
• The region later came The region later came under under ___________control.___________control.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• Americans Settle in ______________Americans Settle in ______________• Mexico allowed a limited number of Mexico allowed a limited number of
Americans to enter Texas.Americans to enter Texas.• Settlers became Mexican citizens, kept Settlers became Mexican citizens, kept
their cultural identity & expected to be their cultural identity & expected to be basic American ______________. basic American ______________.
• 1830, Mexico closed the borders & 1830, Mexico closed the borders & limited trade.limited trade.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• ________________________________________- requested Mexico to allow - requested Mexico to allow
an American-settled area an American-settled area to become a separate to become a separate Mexican state.Mexican state.
• Antonio López de Antonio López de ____________________________________
- Mexico’s president, used - Mexico’s president, used force against Texas.force against Texas.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• Texas Battles for IndependenceTexas Battles for Independence
• Texans took control of Goliad and San Texans took control of Goliad and San AntonioAntonio
• ________________& ________________& ________________- Texan ________________- Texan commanderscommanders
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• The _____________• Bowie decided
against abandoning the Alamo
• Santa Anna demanded unconditional surrender
• All _________Texas soldiers were killed..
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• Goliad and San JacintoGoliad and San Jacinto• _________________: over 300 unarmed _________________: over 300 unarmed
Texas prisoners were massacredTexas prisoners were massacred• _________________: Sam Houston and _________________: Sam Houston and
the Texans killed or captured most of the the Texans killed or captured most of the Mexican army in just twenty minutesMexican army in just twenty minutes• secured Texan _______________________secured Texan _______________________• Santa Anna is taken hostageSanta Anna is taken hostage
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• The _________________________The _________________________
• Texans met and formed a constitution Texans met and formed a constitution and governmentand government• first president: ____________________first president: ____________________
• applied for admission to the U.S. applied for admission to the U.S. • United States refused, fearing United States refused, fearing
________with Mexico________with Mexico
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• Lone Star RepublicLone Star Republic
- ________ years- ________ years
• __________________ -__________________ -process of joining the process of joining the Union.Union.
• Texas Gains StatehoodTexas Gains Statehood• Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren
opposed annexationopposed annexation• _________________won the _________________won the
Democratic nomination and the 1844 Democratic nomination and the 1844 election after supporting “All of Oregon, election after supporting “All of Oregon, All of Texas”All of Texas”
• Texas becomes a state in _________Texas becomes a state in _________
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 244-247pp. 244-247
• Opening OregonOpening Oregon• claimed and jointly claimed and jointly
occupied by both occupied by both Great Britain and Great Britain and the U.S.the U.S.
• ____________________________• important route for important route for
settlers and settlers and missionaries going missionaries going westwest
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 247-251pp. 247-251
____________________• teachings and practices were deeply
offensive to most Americans (polygamy)• compelled to move west and build their
own settlements.• Joseph Smith develops The Book of
Mormon• A mob murders Smith
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 247-251pp. 247-251
• The Mormon Trek and Salt Lake City• _______________
• New leader• arrived at Great
Salt Lake in 1847• The Mormons
settled much of the Great Basin area of the West.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 247-251pp. 247-251
• The California Trail• Turns south & west off of the Oregon Trail
• The Discovery of _________• Sutter’s Fort owned by John Sutter - gold discovered by James W. Marshall• California Gold Rush -______________________
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 247-251pp. 247-251
• The major disagreement between the United States and Mexico was the southern boundary of Texas.
• Mexico- __________ River
• America- ______________ River
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• Fighting for the _________________
• President Polk sends General __________________landed at Corpus Christi and moved to the north bank of the Rio Grande River.
• Mexico views this as an act of war & launches an attack.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• A Declaration of War
• approved by Congress
• The Mexican War was unpopular in ________________and among intellectuals, believed Southerners would create more slave states from the seized land.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• The Santa Fe and California Campaigns
• Stephen Kearney took Santa Fe without firing a shot.• He then marched to California.
• The _______________________• Led by John Charles Fremont
• Led to California falling to the Americans
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• “Old Rough and Ready” - _________________• Battle of Monterrey• Buena Vista• Hero of the Mexican
War that later became President
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• The Battles of Veracruz and Mexico City• General
___________________ was placed in charge of the campaign.• “Old Fuss and Feathers”
• Scott eventually marched to Mexico City and captured it.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• Treaty of ________________________
• ended the fighting of the Mexican War
• established _____________as the southern boundary of Texas
• ceded the Mexican Cession
• U.S. paid $20 million, cancelled debts
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• Results of the Mexican War• made Manifest Destiny a
reality• reopened controversies
over _______________• training ground for the
________________• new territory
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• The ________________• $10 million• potential southern
railroad route• Completed the
territory of the lower 48 United States
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 251-255pp. 251-255
• The ___________________________________
• Northern advantages• California admitted as
a free state• slave trade outlawed
in District of Columbia
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 255-256pp. 255-256
• Southern advantages• New Mexico and Utah Territories granted
popular sovereignty regarding slavery• ________________________- Territories
decide for themselves if they want slavery. • Fugitive Slave Law
• Texas received money for giving up some of its land
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 255-256pp. 255-256
• President Taylor opposed the compromise and vetoed it.• Taylor died shortly thereafter.
• ______________________supported the compromise and eventually approved it.• Vice president that became President• political suicide to the Whig Party
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 255-256pp. 255-256
• ___________________: Northern Democrats willing to compromise on the issues of the 1850s
• Winfield Scott, a Whig, lost the 1852 presidential election to ____________________, a Doughface Democrat.
Chapter 13 – Westward ExpansionChapter 13 – Westward Expansion pp. 255-256pp. 255-256