chapter 13- solutions and colligative properties colligative properties
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Chapter 13- Solutions and Colligative Properties
Chapter 13- Solutions and Colligative PropertiesColligative Properties
Colligative Properties - depend on the concentration of the solution, not on the type of particle dissolved.
Vapor Pressure of Solutions: Vapor pressure decreases as concentration increases.
Raoult's Law: Psoln = XsolventPsolvent
ideal solutions obey Raoult's LawAnimation
Boiling Point Elevation: boiling point increases as concentration increases.Tb = Kb mmolal boiling point constantTable 13.4 p. 549Freezing Point Depression: freezing point decreases as concentration increases.Tf = Kf m
molal freezing point constantTable 13.4 p.549
Osmosis: net movement of solvent toward the more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane. The minimum pressure that stops osmosis is the osmotic pressure.
= MRT
Electrolyte SolutionsFor a 1 molal water solution we would expect Tf to be -1.86 C but for NaCl it is twice that because NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- which is twice as many particles.van't Hoff Factor, i = moles of particles in solution moles of solute dissolved
Usually colligative effects for an electrolyte are a little less than predicted due to solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions.T = i K m = i MRT
Colloids - suspension of tiny particles in a medium. Cloudiness of mixture can be observed by eye or by passing light through the mixture (Tyndall Effect)
Notes quizhttps://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/embeddedform?formkey=dExQTG5wdU9nVC12V0VOYklUVk5mM3c6MQ