Chapter 13 North and South

Chapter 13North and SouthIndustrialization changed USElias Howe sewing machineTransportation improved with canals, and roads and growth of railroadsRobert Fulton- steamboatSteamboats spurred growth of cities

Locomotives

Began connecting mines with riversBy 1860 31000 miles of trackPeter Cooper- locomotive inventorTransformed nations interior

CommunicationFaster travel, growth of industry led to Telegraph- Samuel Morse Morse Code

AgricultureJohn Deere Steel tipped plow

Thresher Mechanical reaper- McCormic, made wheat profitable

*** North turned away from farming, more toward industry***

Reaper

Sec. 2 Norths PeopleLowell Massachusetts, first factories Factory system- all aspects of production under one roofSpinning jenny

Power loom

Working ConditionsMore hours on job 11- 14 hours a dayDangerous working conditionsHot, cold, dusty, loudEmployers showed more concern for $ than safety

Organize workersTrade unions- all the same trade or skill united for better working conditionsStrikes- refusing to work Women workers-not allowed in trade unionsFormed their own, founded by Sarah Bagley petitioned for shorter days, didnt pass.. B/c women signed petition

Rise of CitiesMore industry more growthNYC largest city in 1860Cities grew on rivers. Why ?What were some results of this rapid growth?

Immigration 1840-1860 dramatic increase of immigrantsIrish Immigrants- potato famineTook low paying jobs in factoriesImpactChanged characterCatholic not ProtestantMost settled in Northeast

Prejudice

Nativists- felt immigration threatened American way of life.Accused immigrants of taking jobs meant for AmericansBringing disease, crime Know nothing party formed

Section 3 Southern CottonKingdomUpper south- Tobacco/rice/indigoDeep South- cotton is KINGCotton Gin- worker cleaned 50lbs in a day, vs. 1 lb by hand!!***Led to the demand for more slave labor**Value of slaves increased- Upper south center for transport/sale of slaves

Southern EconomyBoom in cotton salesAgriculture profitableAint broke dont fix itLack of capitalKept industry out of southMarket for manufactured goods smallerDidnt want industry

TransportationRailroads, short not connecting all partsCities grew slowly as a resultHurt the South during the Civil War

Section 4The Souths PeopleYeoman- largest groups of whites, no slavesTenant farmers-didnt own land, rented itRural Poor- self sufficient Plantation owners- large houses, lots of land, lots of slaves 4% population held 20 or more slaves

PlantationsMain goal to earn profitsSold cotton to agents in citiesTelegraph made this easierWives spent long hours alone, had to watch over slaves working in home, take care of the sick, act as accountants

Life Under SlaverySlaves endured hardship Earned no moneySeparated from familyLive under slave codes

Escaping SlaveryHarriet Tubman- Underground RR

Frederick Douglass- spoke out against slavery

City LifeLargest cities were seaports or river portsSome free African Americans lived in the south, faced discriminationMany white children of rich parents went to schoolLiteracy in the south lower than north