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Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering

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Page 1: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Chapter 13

Genetic Engineering

Page 2: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the
Page 3: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

(Ch. 13) Selective breeding • allowing animals with desired

characteristics to produce the next generation

• Pass on the desired trait

• Horses, cats, farm animals

• Crops (disease-resistant potato from Luther Burbank)

Page 4: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Hybridization

• crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

• Hybrids are hardier than parents

• In the potato-disease resistance x food production (Burbank potato)

Page 5: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the
Page 6: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the
Page 7: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Inbreeding

• The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics

• Keep desired characteristics of a line of organisms

• The cross can bring together 2 recessive alleles for a genetic defect-BAD!

Page 8: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Inducing Mutations• Increases the genetic variation

in a population• Mutations are the ultimate

source of genetic variability• Occur spontaneously• Use of radiation, chemicals• Hard to get desired mutants

Page 9: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

New Bacteria• Hundreds of useful bacterial strains have been produced

• Bacteria can even digest oil

Page 10: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

New Kinds of Plants• polyploid – chromosomes do

not separate during meiosis• Use drugs that prevent

chromosome separation • Plants are stronger, bigger

than diploid• Polyploidy fatal in animals

Page 11: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Manipulating DNA• DNA is removed from the cell

• Restriction enzymes cut the DNA

• Gel electrophoresis separates the DNA

• Used to compare genes or locate a gene out of thousands in the genome

Page 12: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the
Page 13: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Recombinant DNA• DNA molecules made by combining DNA from different

sources

Page 14: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Transgenic Organisms

• Contain genes from other species

• Microorganisms – insulin, growth hormone, clotting factor

• In the future – may help fight cancer

Page 15: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Transgenic Animals/Plants• Used to study genes and improve

food supply

• Study immune system and effects of disease

• Extra copies of growth hormone- grow faster and produce leaner meat

• Working on chickens

Page 16: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

• GM foods – produce natural insecticide

• Resistant to weed-killing chemicals

• May be able to produce human antibodies to fight disease

• Rice plant contains vitamin A

Page 17: Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation Pass on the

Cloning

• Cloned bacteria

• Dolly

• Ethical and moral issues


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