GI Problems Among the Elderly

GI Problems Among the ElderlyChapter 13Frequency of BM varies with the individual

Range = Twice a day Once every 2 daysConsistency = Soft, formed, brown

Always observe color, character, consistencyNormal EliminationBed restInactivityInadequate exerciseInadequate fluid intakeChange in dietInability to chew food properlyFactors Affecting BMConstipationStraining to pass stoolMarble like stool

Fecal ImpactionMost serious form of constipationCaused by retention of stoolFeces becomes hard & dry / Unable to passS&S = abd pain, bloating, flatulence

GI ProblemsDiarrheaOccurs when peristalsis is very fastCauses dehydration

Bowel IncontinenceInvoluntary BMCaused by mental confusion, neurological disease, traumaSkin exposed to fecal matter will breakdown quicklyGI ProblemsIntroducing fluid into the lower intestine to cleanse rectum & lower colonQuizlet.com

Ordered by a doctorRelieves constipation

Sims position is used when giving an enemaEnemas

Cleansing EnemaRemoves feces from rectum & lower bowelStimulates peristalsis / Softens stoolWater based

Retention EnemaSoften hard stoolLubricates the rectumOil based

Types of EnemasAdminister only with direction of LPNDont give enema within 1 hr. after a mealTemp. for water based should be 105FLubricate tip before inserting (insert 2 to 4 in.)Enema in a bag should be raised 12 to 16 in. above rectumAssist pt. to bathroom afterwardsRules of EnemasSurgical opening at the colonOpening is called a stoma (bag is attached)

Observe the skin around the stomaRednessSkin breakdownIrritationColostomy