Chapter 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages

1300 - 1450

iMater AcademyAP European History

Ms. Blank

Chapter 12John Green – The Dark Ages: https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7CanyzhZg

(watch to 4:05)

Key Terms/Concepts:Black Death

Reactions to BD

Economics of BD

Peasant Revolts

100 Years War

Scholasticism

Black Death:Hit Italy first (Sicily) 1347

◦France: 1348◦England: 1349◦Eastern Europe & Russia: 1351

Started in Asia w/ Mongol invasions

Spread by fleas on black ratsRats came to Europe on ships;

diffused through trade routes throughout Europe

“A man suffering from buboes and splotches”

Black Death:Famine killed 10% of population

during 1st ¼ of 14th Century

¼ population dead (estimates range from 25% - 33%)

Major outbreaks in 1361-1362 & 1369

Little outbreaks until end of 15th century

Reactions to BD:Sent by God as a punishmentCaused by the DevilFlagellants—attempted to repent

for man’s sins◦Some killed Jews◦Went around whipping themselves in

public squaresArmageddonAnti-Semitism

◦Jews blamed for plague

“Procession of the Flagellants”

“The Black Death in a European town”

Economics of BD:Labor shortagePrices fellAristocratic income drops 20%

(England)Aristocratic position goes downPeasant position goes upManor system weakenedTaxes went up

Peasant Revolts:1358

◦France◦Known as the Jacquerie

1381◦England◦Known as English Peasant Revolt of

1381Other revolts throughout Europe

◦1382 & 1378

Jacquerie

English Peasant Revolt of 1381:

Jean Froissart's 'Chronicles

15th Century

100 Years War: Key CausesBoth English & French Royalty

descended from William of Normandy◦Norman Conquest 1066

English royalty were vassals to French Kings based on their titles in France

This issue of succession would be a recurring theme

100 Years War: Causes1259

◦Henry III ceded all French territory back to France, except Germany Moron! His father was just as stupid!! King John,

lost Normandy & Anjou

14th Century◦Right of Succession dispute with French

king (Philip VI) Both Edward III & Philip VI had claim to throne

◦Edward III refused homage to French king◦Philip VI seized Gascony (controlled by

England at this point)◦England declared war

100 Years War:Key Battles

◦Battle of Poitiers English victory

◦Peace of Bretigny Ransom of captured French king (he was a loser) Had to give into England’s demands

Results◦End of English attempts to control continental

territory◦Beginning of English focus on maritime

supremacy◦Huge advances in military technology and

science ◦Establishment of professional standing armies

100 Years War:  Battle of Crécy, 1346

100 Years War:

Modern artist’s depictionPat Nicolle

100 Years War:Battle of Agincourt(1415)

Scholasticism:Intellectual model of MA’s

Championed by Peter Abelard & Thomas Aquinas

Key Ideas◦Faith & reason can be reconciled and work

together◦Use of philosophical knowledge in

explaining and defending the truths of faith◦Empirical observations not important◦Written by & for clergy

THE END

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