Chapter 12 Section 4: Things to Know• What group of people led to the labor strikes in 1919?• What did the revolution in Russia lead to?• What were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti known

for being?• Who was an anarchist that was convicted of murder?• Who was the Republican that won the Presidential

election of 1920?• What did the President elected in 1920 promise to return

America back to?• What was America the leader of after WWI?• A country that owes less money than it is owed is called…?

Chapter 12: World War I and Beyond – 1914-

1920

Section 4: Effects of the War

Tulsa Race Riot

• In 1921, Tulsa encountered probably the worst case of violence in its history. – The Tulsa Race riot, also known as the 1921 race riot,

the Tulsa Race War, or the Greenwood riot, began on May 31, 1921.

– It was a massacre during a large-scale civil disorder confined mainly to the racially segregated Greenwood neighborhood in north Tulsa.

– The riot, which lasted some 16 hours, reportedly killed 36 people, put another 800 in the hospital with injuries, and left 10,000 people homeless.

Tulsa Race Riots• Official reports said there were 16 killed, of which 10

were white, but many dispute this number. – The Red Cross reported around 300 dead, making the

Tulsa race riot the worst in US history. Other reports estimate some 3,000 were killed. By its end, nearly 35 city blocks were burnt to the ground.

• The riot began after a report claiming that a black shoe shiner had attacked a white girl in an elevator in downtown Tulsa.– The boy was found by the sheriff and taken to jail. A lynch

mob set out to find the boy and hang him for what he had done. The riot had begun after the Tulsa County Sheriff did not turn the boy over to the lynch mob.

Tulsa Race Riot• Twenty five members of the black community of Greenwood

left for the courthouse yielding shotguns and rifles, to help the sheriff. The sheriff turned them away and sent them back to Greenwood. – The white lynch mob didn’t like what the blacks had attempted to

do. Many went home to grab their own weapons. They went back to the court house where the crowd grew to more than 2000 people.

– Tensions grew between the whites and blacks and a single gun shot into the air triggered the riot. Both mobs traveled to the Greenwood district where the deadly battle raged on.

– Fires were started and people were violently killed. The whites attacked by land and by air. Six biplanes flew over the Greenwood district dropping incendiary bombs over the district.

– Many people called this a ‘Negro Uprising’ when official reports claim it was caused by the white mob that attempted to lynch the young black boy.

Things to Know

• What group of people led to the labor strikes in 1919?• Women. They demanded rewards for their

wartime patriotism.

• What did the revolution in Russia lead to?• The Red Scare, which is a wave of widespread fear

of suspected communists and radicals thought to be plotting revolution within the United States.

Things to Know

• What were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti known for being?– Anarchist. An anarchist is a person that tries to

use violence to overturn forms of government and/or society with no purpose of establishing another form to replace it.

• Who was an anarchist that was convicted of murder?– Nicola Sacco. He was assisted by Bartolomeo

Vanzetti.

Things to Know• Who was the Republican that won the Presidential

election of 1920?– Warren G. Harding of Ohio. Harding would be replaced

after his mysterious death in a San Francisco hotel in August of 1923. It was considered mysterious because none of his four doctors knew the cause of death. There was no autopsy done because his wife would not permit it. Within an hour of his death, she had him embalmed, rouged, powdered, dressed, and in his casket. By morning, he was on a train, headed back to Washington, D.C.

• What did the President elected in 1920 promise to return America back to?– A return to “normalcy” across the nation.

Things to Know

• What was America the leader of after WWI?– It was the economic leader of the world. It was

the richest, most industrialized country in the world.

• A country that owes less money than it is owed is called a…?– Creditor nation. Because of its industrial and

economic strength, the US had little debt and was able to lend money to other nations.