chapter 12 rad guide
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Chapter 12 RAD Guide. February 7, 2013. Name 2 systems & types of movement that occurs within each. Plate tectonics—movement of plates of Earth’s crust Ocean circulation—movement of water. What controls the systems on the Earth?. The sun. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 12 RAD GuideApril 22, 2023
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Name 2 systems & types of movement that occurs within each.•Plate tectonics—movement of plates of Earth’s crust
•Ocean circulation—movement of water
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What controls the systems on the Earth?
•The sun
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How are the systems of the Earth connected to the world’s ecosystems?
•Characteristics of living things in each biome are determined by movement of material through a system ▫Example: water and temp
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How is the system of matter & the system of energy different? What does the energy from sun power on Earth?
•System of matter is a closed system and system of energy is open
•Sun powers the movement of ocean currents, clouds, growth of plants and animals
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How has the perception of the Earth changed over time?•Changed from “Mother Earth” to something to be conquered
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What is the Gaia hypothesis?•States that Earth functions like a single, living organism that regulates itself to maintain life▫Changes in one thing causes changes in others
▫1972/ J. Lovelock▫Pronounced GY-uh
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What kinds of activities are humans engaging in that might have an effect on Earth?•Dumping waste•Cutting down forests•Replacing natural ecosystems with cities
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Humans first evolved from what early group? When did this group roam Earth?•Cro-Magnons•~40,000 yrs ago•Cave paintings•Jewelry•Burials / ‘religion’•Like ‘us’ / high IQ
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Briefly describe hunter-gatherer, agricultural, & industrial societies.1. Hunter-gatherer: society in which
people gather natural food, hunt, & are nomadic
a. Small impact on environment & can survive indefinitely if not disturbed
b. Low population densityc. Lives ‘with’ the landd. Very few remain today
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1. Agricultural: society in which crops are grown & people have specialized roles
a. Can live indefinitely if within limits of environment
b. Caused people to stop roaming & divide work
c. Plow was most important toold. Started about 10,000 y.a.e. Mid-east, SE Asia, & Africaf. Domesticated plants AND animalsg. Created ‘roles’ in society
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3. Industrial: society in which production of food & other products is performed by machines, demanding large amounts of energy
a. Human population grew rapidlyb. Cities were establishedc. People worked for wages
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How has the impact of humans on the environment increased over time?•Increases in production of goods, energy
use, and human population all lead to negative impacts on the environment
•Pollution and technology have also had a negative impact on environment
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Let’s Fill-in the Society Chart!
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Hunter-Gatherer• Lifestyle
▫ Nomadic• Technology
▫ Simple tools and weapons
• Resource Use▫ Sustained by
environment• Health
▫ Healthy lives▫ Well fed▫ Low disease▫ High infant mortality
• Env. Impact▫ Use of fire causes
some env. change• Energy Use
▫ Low▫ Fuel = wood
• Example▫ African tribes▫ Aboriginal tribes▫ Native American
tribes
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Agricultural• Lifestyle
▫ Permanently settled• Technology
▫ Plows▫ Agriculture▫ Cities allow advance of
simple machine• Resource Use
▫ Some overuse of soil & forest
• Health▫ Healthy lives▫ Well fed▫ Disease high in city
• Env. Impact▫ Cutting timber causes
wide-spread env. change
• Energy Use▫ Medium▫ Fuel = wood, wind,
H2O, animal, coal• Example
▫ Amish▫ Midwest/Great Plains
of U.S.
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Industrial• Lifestyle
▫ Often permanently settled
• Technology▫ Mass production (high
energy use)▫ Biotechnology▫ Computers
• Resource Use▫ Overuse of resources▫ Not sustainable
• Health▫ Medical advances
increase life span▫ Pollution is a risk
• Env. Impact▫ Large cities, pollution,
& high energy use all cause major env. change
• Energy Use▫ High▫ Fuel = fossil fuels,
hydroelectricity, nuclear
• Example▫ Majority of modern
society (US, Europe)
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What is an ethic?•Set of standards or rules that serves as a guideline for determining right from wrong
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Describe the frontier ethic & sustainable development ethic.•Frontier Ethic: Formed on assumption that human society is separate from nature▫Resources are unlimited▫Humans are not subject to natural law
▫Success is measured in terms of control
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•Sustainable Development Ethic: Meets current needs of society without limiting needs of future▫Resources limited▫Humans subject to natural law▫Success is measured by being in
harmony with nature
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Why are basic concepts of the frontier ethic no longer considered valid? •As human population has grown we have realized that resources, etc. are NOT unlimited
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How are the frontier ethic & sustainable development ethic different?•Frontier ethic is biased toward humans, whereas the sustainable development ethic is more holistic
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What are renewable & nonrenewable resources? Provide examples.•Renewable: can regenerate
• ‘endless supply’Examples: water, wind, solar, animals,plants
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•Non-renewable : one time or single use/very long time to ‘replace’
Examples: fossil fuels,nuclear fuels,minerals,ore[anything ‘mined or drilled’]
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HOW ARE WE DOING???