chapter 11 the life cycle lesson 4 infant and child development

Chapter 11

The Life Cycle

Lesson 4Infant and Child Development

Building Vocabulary

cell The basic unit of life

tissues Groups of similar cells that do a particular job

organA body part made up of different tissues joined to perform a particular function

body systemA group of organs that work together to carry out related tasks

LESSON 4

Infant and Child DevelopmentBIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence.

Lesson Home

Building Vocabulary

embryoThe developing organism from two weeks until the end of the eighth week of development

fetusThe developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth

developmental tasksAn event that needs to happen in order for you to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult

infancy The first year of life after birth

LESSON 4


Lesson Home

Building Vocabulary

toddler A child between the ages of one and three

preschooler A child between the ages of three and five

LESSON 4


Lesson Home

How Life Begins

cell The basic unit of life

LESSON 4


Your whole body began as a single cell.

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

Building Blocks of Life

tissues Groups of similar cells that do a particular job

LESSON 4


The body is made up of trillions of tiny cells. Cells that have similar functions in the body work together in larger units called tissues. Some examples include muscle tissue, brain tissue, and connective tissue.

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

Building Blocks of Life

body system A group of organs that work together to carry out related tasks

LESSON 4


Tissues, in turn, can form an organ. Your heart, brain, liver, and lungs are all organs. When many organs work together to carry out a certain job, they form a body system.

organ A body part made up of different tissues joined to perform a particular function

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

New Vocabulary

Development Before Birth

LESSON 4


• After fertilization, the fertilized egg cell makes its way down the fallopian tube, continuing to divide along the way.

• By the time it reaches the uterus, it has become a hollow ball of cells about the size of a pinhead. This ball attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.

• From this point on, it is called an embryo.

embryo The developing organism from two weeks until the end of the eighth week of development

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

Development Before Birth

LESSON 4


• Once an embryo is attached inside the uterus, the cells continue to multiply and change, forming tissues that do specific jobs.

• Those tissues combine to form organs. After about eight weeks, all the major organs of the body have begun to take shape, including the heart, brain, and lungs. From this point, the embryo is called a fetus.

• The average time from conception to birth is about nine months, or 280 days.

fetus The developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

Stages of Life

LESSON 4


The psychologist Erik Erikson divided the human life cycle into eight separate stages:

Infancy

Early childhood

Middle childhood

Late childhood

Adolescence

Early adulthood

Middle adulthood

Late adulthood

Lesson Home

Stages of Life

LESSON 4


At each stage of life, you need to master a developmental task.

developmental task An event that needs to happen in order for you to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

Infancy

infancy The first year of life after birth

LESSON 4


During infancy, babies learn about their own bodies. Tasks learned in this stage include:• focusing the eyes.• sitting up.• observing the world.• recognizing familiar people, objects, and others’ voices.• beginning to learn language.• making sounds.• developing bonds of love and trust with parents and others close

to them.

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

Early Childhood

toddler A child between the ages of one and three

LESSON 4


During the second year of life, a toddler will:• become more aware of themself and their surroundings.• learn to do things on their own, such as feeding themselves and

using the toilet. • speak in short sentences and follow simple directions.• learn to run, jump, or kick a ball. • recognize different shapes. • imitate the behavior of their parents or siblings. • become more interested in being independent.

Lesson Home

Middle Childhood

preschooler A child between the ages of three and five

LESSON 4


A preschooler:• asks a lot of questions.• uses his or her imagination. • enjoys telling stories or singing songs. • becomes more interested in people outside his or her families. • learns to cooperate with other children. • can do exercises like hopping on one foot or riding a tricycle.• may be able to dress themselves or choose foods at mealtimes.

Lesson Home

New Vocabulary

Late Childhood

LESSON 4


From ages six to eleven, children• become more independent from their families, and friends • develop increased confidence in themselves.

Lesson Home

Adolescence

LESSON 4


During the time between ages 12 and 18, you are no longer a child, but you are not yet an adult. During adolescence, you experience physical, mental/emotional, and social changes that prepare you for adulthood.

Lesson Home

chapter 11 the life cycle lesson 4 infant and child development

Documents