Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Age of ImperialismAge of Imperialism

Honors World HistoryHonors World History

C. SimmonsC. Simmons

Chapter 11 Section 1Chapter 11 Section 1

Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa

Africa before European DominationAfrica before European Domination

Europeans struggled to reach interior Europeans struggled to reach interior of continent, Africans used own of continent, Africans used own resources to trade with Europeansresources to trade with Europeans

Mystery of David LivingstoneMystery of David Livingstone King Leopold – the good, the bad, King Leopold – the good, the bad,

and the uglyand the ugly This opened the flood gates as This opened the flood gates as

Europeans flowed in and colonized Europeans flowed in and colonized most of the African continentmost of the African continent

Forces Driving ImperialismForces Driving Imperialism

As Europe industrialized new markets As Europe industrialized new markets were needed to tradewere needed to trade

Search for cache of raw materials to Search for cache of raw materials to fuel industrializationfuel industrialization

National pride (nationalism)National pride (nationalism) European superiority – racism is the European superiority – racism is the

belief one race is better than anotherbelief one race is better than another- Social Darwinism, those who were - Social Darwinism, those who were

wealthiest and successful were wealthiest and successful were considered superior to othersconsidered superior to others

The Division of AfricaThe Division of Africa

Discovery of raw materials like Discovery of raw materials like diamonds and gold caused a diamonds and gold caused a scramble for controlscramble for control

Fear of war led to the Berlin Fear of war led to the Berlin Conference where Africa was divided Conference where Africa was divided by European leadersby European leaders

Led to complete exploitation of Led to complete exploitation of African land and peopleAfrican land and people

Clash over S AfricaClash over S Africa

Fighting among 3 groups: Africans, Fighting among 3 groups: Africans, British, and the DutchBritish, and the Dutch

Shaka Zulu challenged British control Shaka Zulu challenged British control with valiant effort almost defeating with valiant effort almost defeating the European army who used the European army who used firearms the Zulu eventually fellfirearms the Zulu eventually fell

Dutch settlers known as Boers would Dutch settlers known as Boers would fight the British over control of the fight the British over control of the Cape of Good Hope (Boer War)Cape of Good Hope (Boer War)

Chapter 11 Section 2Chapter 11 Section 2

Imperialism Imperialism

(Case Study Nigeria)(Case Study Nigeria)

New Imperialistic PeriodNew Imperialistic Period

Imperialism was a much deeper Imperialism was a much deeper penetration into other culturespenetration into other cultures

Forms of control-colony, Forms of control-colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism (p.346)and economic imperialism (p.346)

Methods of control- indirect v. directMethods of control- indirect v. direct Direct control- policy of paternalism Direct control- policy of paternalism

(parents) and eventually assimilation(parents) and eventually assimilation Indirect control – local rulers kept in Indirect control – local rulers kept in

chargecharge

A British ColonyA British Colony

Different ways Britain conquered Different ways Britain conquered NigeriaNigeria

1.1. Diplomatic Diplomatic

2.2. Militarily Militarily

3.3. EconomicallyEconomically Managing the colonyManaging the colony Problems with very diverse culturesProblems with very diverse cultures

African ResistanceAfrican Resistance

Africans never had an advantage due Africans never had an advantage due to their lack of firearmsto their lack of firearms

Most resistance movements were Most resistance movements were unsuccessful (Maji-Maji story)unsuccessful (Maji-Maji story)

Successful movement – Ethiopia is Successful movement – Ethiopia is only African nation able to resist only African nation able to resist Europeans due to one man Menelik IIEuropeans due to one man Menelik II

Battle of Adowa Ethiopians keep their Battle of Adowa Ethiopians keep their independence and defeat Italyindependence and defeat Italy

Legacy of colonial ruleLegacy of colonial rule

Negative Effects – death, political Negative Effects – death, political confusion, boundary disputes, confusion, boundary disputes, breakdown of traditional cultures, breakdown of traditional cultures, created identity problems for African created identity problems for African peoplepeople

Positive outcomes – improvement in Positive outcomes – improvement in standard of living, infrastructure, standard of living, infrastructure, literacy, all in the interest of literacy, all in the interest of Europeans not AfricansEuropeans not Africans

Chapter 11 Section 3Chapter 11 Section 3

Europeans ClaimEuropeans Claim

Muslim LandsMuslim Lands

Ottoman Empire Loses PowerOttoman Empire Loses Power

Suleyman I was the last great sultan, Suleyman I was the last great sultan, after his death the empire began to after his death the empire began to fall into disarrayfall into disarray

High inflation caused an economic High inflation caused an economic collapsecollapse

Ottoman people began to stir about Ottoman people began to stir about nationalism, feeling of great interest nationalism, feeling of great interest of your own countryof your own country

Europeans invade for territoryEuropeans invade for territory

Geopolitics – invasion of land for Geopolitics – invasion of land for strategic reasonsstrategic reasons

Ottoman land was very valuable Ottoman land was very valuable because it controlled access to because it controlled access to Mediterranean and Atlantic Trade Mediterranean and Atlantic Trade routes for landlocked countries.routes for landlocked countries.

Crimean War – helps Russia gather Crimean War – helps Russia gather control over Slavic statescontrol over Slavic states

Egypt and Persia pressured to Egypt and Persia pressured to changechange

Egypt builds the Suez Canal, seen as Egypt builds the Suez Canal, seen as the “lifeline of the empire”the “lifeline of the empire”

Modernization efforts were Modernization efforts were devastating to financesdevastating to finances

Riots over tobacco and oilRiots over tobacco and oil Europeans exploited Muslim Europeans exploited Muslim

territories economicallyterritories economically

Chapter 11 Section 4Chapter 11 Section 4

British Imperialism British Imperialism

in Indiain India

Britain expands control over IndiaBritain expands control over India India important b/c it’s natural resourcesIndia important b/c it’s natural resources British East India CompanyBritish East India Company India was called “Jewel of the Crown”India was called “Jewel of the Crown” Sepoys- Indian soldiers hired by the BritishSepoys- Indian soldiers hired by the British Negatives = Markets were flooded with Negatives = Markets were flooded with

traded British goods, this devastated local traded British goods, this devastated local producers, end of self-sufficiency, caused producers, end of self-sufficiency, caused faminesfamines

Positives = infrastructure, modernization, Positives = infrastructure, modernization, schools, public health.schools, public health.

Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny

Racism, conversion, ill-treatment Racism, conversion, ill-treatment preludes Indian rebellionpreludes Indian rebellion

““Cow-fat bullets”Cow-fat bullets” Led to crisis and rebellion of sepoys Led to crisis and rebellion of sepoys

= turning point in British rule= turning point in British rule Raj – direct British control over IndiaRaj – direct British control over India Ram Mohun Roy – calls for Ram Mohun Roy – calls for

independenceindependence Fighting continued for years to comeFighting continued for years to come

Chapter 5 Section 5Chapter 5 Section 5

Imperialism in Imperialism in

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Europeans invade Pacific RimEuropeans invade Pacific Rim

Natural resources were abundant on Natural resources were abundant on the Pacific Islandsthe Pacific Islands

Dutch –IndonesiaDutch –Indonesia British – Malayan PeninsulaBritish – Malayan Peninsula French – IndochinaFrench – Indochina Colonization led to the blending and Colonization led to the blending and

clashes of many different cultures. clashes of many different cultures. One reason why region is so volatile One reason why region is so volatile todaytoday

Siam remains defiantSiam remains defiant

King Mongkut – modernized country, King Mongkut – modernized country, also promoted region as buffer zone also promoted region as buffer zone b/t French (Vietnam) and British b/t French (Vietnam) and British (Burma)(Burma)

Differed b/c foreign influence not Differed b/c foreign influence not present so less racial and cultural present so less racial and cultural chaoschaos

US Imperialism in PacificUS Imperialism in Pacific 1898 Spanish American War > Philippines, 1898 Spanish American War > Philippines,

Guam, Puerto RicoGuam, Puerto Rico Philippines led to struggle – Filipino Philippines led to struggle – Filipino

nationalist, Emilio Aguinaldonationalist, Emilio Aguinaldo Hawaii interest Americans b/c of sugarHawaii interest Americans b/c of sugar McKinnley Tariff changed price of sugarMcKinnley Tariff changed price of sugar Queen Liliuokalani wanted to restore Queen Liliuokalani wanted to restore

power to Hawaiianspower to Hawaiians American Businessmen Plot to overthrow American Businessmen Plot to overthrow

the Queenthe Queen