chapter 10 the cell cycle
DESCRIPTION
CELL GROWTH A LIVING THING GROWS BECAUSE IT PRODUCES MORE AND MORE CELLSTRANSCRIPT
CHAPTERCHAPTER 1010
THE CELL THE CELL CYCLECYCLE
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/graphics/cell_cycle_animation.gif
CELL GROWTHCELL GROWTHA LIVING THING GROWS BECAUSE IT PRODUCES MORE AND MORE CELLS
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit6/genetics/DNA/DNArep/images/interphase1_pc.jpg
CELL GROWTHCELL GROWTH SURFACE AREA OF A CELL DETERMINES HOW LARGE IT CAN GROW
–Surface area is critical for passage of food, oxygen, and water entering and leaving the cell
*** to solve the problem of getting too large, the CELL DIVIDES
http://www.mesoblast.com/images/images-mesoblast_cell_division_still.jpg
RATES OF CELL GROWTHRATES OF CELL GROWTHCELLS CAN GROW AT ASTONISHING RATES UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS, BUT REAL CONDITIONS ARE FAR FROM IDEAL
CONTROLS ON CELL CONTROLS ON CELL GROWTHGROWTH
Depends on function
http://biounder.kaist.ac.kr/~shy821/images/skin2stem_630x.jpg
•Depends on food, crowding, conditions in surrounding area.
•If injury occurs (cells will grow rapidly at the site)
http://www.burn-recovery.org/images/burn-classification.jpg
•Consequences of uncontrolled cell growth are severe.
http://www.upmccancercenters.com/images/prostate/image7_sm.gif
•Cancer cells have lost their ability to control their growth rate.
Breast cancer cells
http://ashoutinthestreet.files.wordpress.co
m/2009/06/breastcancercells.jpg
Definitions
CELL DIVISION -
The process whereby the cell divides into 2 daughter cells
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7XmD8w1yTeY/R4Cy_XjDNjI/AAAAAAAAABk/P7fx2NiM-zM/s320/cytokin.gif
MITOSIS – process by which the nucleus of a cell is divided into 2 nuclei; occurs in somatic (body) cells; produces diploid cells
Diploid vs. Haploid Diploid – a cell that contains both sets of
homologous chromosomes (two sets); represented by the symbol 2N – Found in somatic or body cells (ex. Skin,
digestive tract)– Example : Humans – 2N = 46
Haploid – a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes (one set); represented by the symbol N or 1N– Found in gametes or sex cells – sperm & egg– Example: Humans – N = 23
CHROMOSOMES – Structures in the cell that contain the genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next
http://www.stanford.edu/group/pandegroup/folding/education/GAH/chromosomes.jpg
CHROMATIN – The material of which chromosomes are made
http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/upload/7/79/Chromatin_chromosome.png
CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMESTHE CELLS OF EVERY ORGANISM CONTAIN A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMEShttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7XmD8w1yTeY/R4Cm2HjDNZI/AAAAAAAAAAU/1vRUnLLuwFg/s320/
chromosome_chromatid_split.jpg
HUMANS HAVE 23 PAIR OR 46 CHROMOSOMES
http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/2355/M150_2_014i.jpg
THE CELL CYCLETHE CELL CYCLEInterphase --> MADE UP OF 3 PARTS – preparing to divide
Mitosis --> MADE UP OF 4 PARTS - the division of the nucleus
http://www.sciencecentric.com/images/news/mitosis_300_364.jpg
Cytokinesis --> MADE UP OF 1 PART
division of the cytoplasm
http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_01_img0100.jpg
INTERPHASEINTERPHASEA. GAP 1 (G1) Cellular growth and development takes place
B.DNA SYNTHESIS (S) DNA is replicated
C. GAP 2 (G2) Synthesis of Organelles
PHASES OF PHASES OF MITOSISMITOSIS
PHASES OF PHASES OF MITOSISMITOSISA. PROPHASE–Centrioles separate from each other and move to the poles
–Nuclear Envelope breaks down and Nucleolus disappears
–CHROMATIN COILS UP AND BECOMES VISIBLE AS CHROMOSOMES
–Chromosomes become attached to the Spindle Fibers at the centromere
B. METAPHASEChromosomes line up across the equator (middle) of the cell
CENTRIOLES
SPINDLE
FIBERS
CHROMOSOMES
C. ANAPHASE CENTROMERES SPLIT
CAUSING THE CENTER CHROMATIDS TO SEPARATE, BECOMING INDIVIDUAL CHROMOSOMES
Continue to move in 2 groups near the poles
D. TELOPHASEOpposite of Prophase–Chromosomes uncoil into a tangle of chromatin
Nuclear Envelope reforms around chromatin
Nucleolus becomes visible again
CYTOKINESISCYTOKINESISDivision of the cytoplasm into the 2 daughter cells
SHORTCUT TO REMEMBERSHORTCUT TO REMEMBERTHE CELL CYCLETHE CELL CYCLE
I nterphase P rophase M etaphase A naphase T elophase C ytokinesis
I Passed Math At Tom Clark
Animation of Mitosis
http://www.loci.wisc.edu/outreach/bioclips/CDBio.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0