chapter 1 (the expansion of european influence in the east)
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 1
THE EXPANSION OF EUROPEAN
INFLUENCE IN THE EAST
O you believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves
unjustly except it be a trade amongst you, by mutual
consent. And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one another).
Surely Allah is Most Merciful to you.
(An-Nisaa:29)
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1.1 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
At the beginning of the 16th Century, Portuguese, Spanish,
Dutch, British and French came to the East to trade.In the 18th Century, the
Industrial Revolution
began in Europe.
More goods could beproduced in a shorter
time and at cheaper
prices.
Machines were invented.
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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERSAsia was seen by Europeans as
a market to sell manufactured goods
a place to get raw materials
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1.2
Europeans needed a port of call along the India-China trade route.
RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
Reasons why
European traders
needed port of call
in the East
A place to
harbour ships
A place to
repair ships
A place to
obtain food
supplies
A place to
conduct trade
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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
Rivalry occurred when all the European powers wanted to bethe supreme power in the East.
Anglo-French Rivalry in
India
Because of this, British
looked for a newstrategic naval base in
Southeast Asia
In 1784, Sir Francis
Light suggested Penang
Sir Francis LightOFF
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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
However, Penang did not become a naval base because
Unsuitable trading centre;
too far north of Malay
Archipelago
Unsuitable as dockyard;
invention of steamships that
could sail against wind
Lack of
skilled
manpower
High
administration
costs; toomany high-
salaried
officials
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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
Anglo-Dutch Rivalry
Kew Letters of 1795 allowed
British to take over Dutchpossessions, in order to prevent
French from seizing them
British occupied Java in 1811.Stamford Raffles was Lieutenant-
Governor of Java
Java returned to Dutch in 1816Stamford Raffles
Founding of Singapore led to rivalryOFF
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1.2
British continued looking for a suitable port in Southeast Asia.
Stamford Raffles landed in Singapore in 1819 and signed a treaty
with the Temenggong.
The Story behind the treaty
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1.2
In return Sultan Hussein gave the British permission to set up
a settlement in Singapore.OFF
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1.2
The Treaty of London 1824 (Anglo-Dutch Treaty)
To avoid war, the Treaty of London was signed. This divided the
Malay Archipelago into British and Dutch zones of influence.
The Dutch claimed
that Singapore wasunder their control
The British were
unwilling to give upSingapore
RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
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1.2
The Treaty of London 1824 (Anglo-Dutch Treaty)
RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
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1.2
The Treaty of London 1824 (Anglo-Dutch Treaty)
Terms of the treaty: 1) Commercial
Holland allowed to retain spice trade
monopoly over the Moluccas only
Dutch treaties on tin for Perak and
Selangor cancelled
Most favoured nation treatment
No trade discrimination
RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
The Treaty of London 1824 (Anglo-Dutch Treaty)
2) Financial
Dutch settled debts with British
3) Security
British and Dutch to co-operate to suppress piracy
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1.2 RIVALRY AMONG EUROPEAN POWERS
The Treaty of London 1824 (Anglo-Dutch Treaty)
4) Territorial
No interference in each others area
British and Dutch to hand over ceded territories on 8 March
1825
Dutch to give Malacca to Britain in return for Bencoolen
Dutch to cede all bases in India and Malaya to Britain
Straits of Malacca divided into two zones of influence:
British North of Singapore; Dutch South of Singapore
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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY
The Expansion ofEuropean
Influence in the
East
The Industrial
Revolution
Rivalry Among
European Powers
British Settlement
at Penang
The Anglo-Dutch
Rivalry
British Occupation
of Java
British Settlement
in Singapore
A New Chapter in the
History of Man
Discovery of new
sources of power
Invention of new
machines
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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY
The Expansion ofEuropean
Influence in the
East
The Industrial
Revolution
Rivalry Among
European Powers
British Settlement
at Penang
The Anglo-Dutch
Rivalry
British Occupation
of Java
British Settlement
in Singapore
From 16th Century
European powers set
up colonial empires Anglo-French Rivalry
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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY
The Expansion ofEuropean
Influence in the
East
The Industrial
Revolution
Rivalry Among
European Powers
British Settlement
at Penang
The Anglo-Dutch
Rivalry
British Occupation
of Java
British Settlement
in Singapore
1786
Founding of Penang
Unsuitable port of call
High administrative costs
Lack of skilled manpower
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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY
The Expansion ofEuropean
Influence in the
East
The Industrial
Revolution
Rivalry Among
European Powers
British Settlement
at Penang
The Anglo-Dutch
Rivalry
British Occupation
of Java
British Settlement
in Singapore
18th 19th Century
Dutch and British
competing for control of trade
Holland at war with France
Kew Letters 1795 Britain
to take over Java
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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY
The Expansion ofEuropean
Influence in the
East
The Industrial
Revolution
Rivalry Among
European Powers
British Settlement
at Penang
The Anglo-Dutch
Rivalry
British Settlement
in Singapore
British Occupation
of Java
1811
Stamford Raffles as
Lieutenant Governor of
Java
1816
Return of Java to the
Dutch
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CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY
The Expansion ofEuropean
Influence in the
East
The Industrial
Revolution
Rivalry Among
European Powers
British Settlement
at Penang
The Anglo-Dutch
Rivalry
British Settlement
in Singapore
British Occupation
of Java
1819
British possession of
Singapore
1824
Anglo-Dutch Treaty:
commercial, territorial,
financial and security