chapter 1 scientific investigation

5/22/2018 Chapter 1 Scientific Investigation.

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1.1 Scientific Investigation

Penyiasatan Sainti f ik

Topic 1 Scientific Investigation

ITeach Science Form 4


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Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation

Method Of Scientific Investigation

Conducting

scientific

investigation

a way scientist gathering information or solving

scientific problems by carrying out experiment in

a rational and systematic manner.


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ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4

Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik

Kaedah Penyiasatan Saintifik

Melakukan

penyiasatan

saintifik

Cara seseorang saintis mengumpulkan

maklumat atau menyelesaikan masalah saintifik

dengan menjalankan eksperimen secara rasional

dan sistematik.


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Steps In A Scientific Investigation

Observing a

phenomenon

Indentifying the

problem

Indentifying the

variables

Forming a

hypothesis

Planning the investigation

a) Controlling the variablesb) Determine apparatus and

materials needed

c) Determine procedures

d) Determine method of data

collection and data analysis

Carrying out

the

investigation

Collecting dataAnalysing and interpreting

data

Making

conclusion

Writing a report


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Langkah-langkah Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Memerhati

fenomena

Mengenal pasti

masalah

Mengenal pasti

pemboleh ubah

Menentu

hipotesis

Merancang penyiasatan

a) Mengawal pemboleh ubahb) Menentukan radas dan

bahan yang diperlukan

c) Menentukan prosedur

d) Menentukan cara

mengumpul dan

menganalisis data

Melakukan

penyiasatan

Mengumpul

data

Menganalisis dan

mentafsirkan data

Membuat

kesimpulan

Menulis laporan


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Observing A Phenomena



Method Of

Scientific

Investigation

Example Thermometer

100 ml

beaker

250 mlbeaker

100 ml

hot water

at 100C

The water in bo th the beakers do es not co ol at the

same rate. WHY???

Make an observation on a natural phenomena and

wonder why it happens


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Memerhati Fenomena

Kaedah

Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Contoh Termometer

100 ml

bikar

250 mlbikar

100 ml

Air panas

pada 100C

Air di d alam kedua-dua bikar menyejuk p ada kadar

berlainan . MENGAPA?

Memerhatikan fenomena semula jadi dan mengkaji

sebab-sebab ia berlaku




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Identifying The Problem



Method Of

Scientific

Investigation

Example How does the exposed surface area of liquid

influences its rate of cooling

Why the

cooling rate of

the water in

bigger beaker

is faster ?

Ask question about what you observe and decide what

you want to investigate


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Mengenal Pasti Masalah

Kaedah

Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Contoh Bagaimanakah luas permukaan yang terdedah

mempengaruhi kadar penyejukan?

Mengapakah

kadar

penyejukan air di

dalam bikar yang

lebih besar

adalah lebih

cepat?

Menanya soalan tentang perkara yang diperhatikan dan

menentukan perkara yang ingin diselesaikan.




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Identifying The Variables



Method Of

Scientific

Investigation

Manipulatedvariable

variable that we change tostudythe effect.

Responding

variable

variable that changes in response to the

change of manipulated variable.

Fixed

variable

variable that does not change throughout the

experiment.

Example

Variables are factorswhich affect the result of the

experiment
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Mengenal Pasti Pemboleh Ubah

Kaedah

Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Pemboleh ubah

yang

dimanipulasikan

Pemboleh ubah yang diubahkan untukmengkaji hipotesis.

Pemboleh ubah

yang bergerak

balas

Pemboleh ubah yang berubah dengan

perubahan pemboleh ubah yang

dimanipulasikan.

Pemboleh ubah

yang

dimalarkan

Pemboleh ubah yang tidak berubahsepanjang

eksperimen.

Contoh

Pemboleh ubah adalah faktoryang mempengaruhi

keputusan eksperimen.


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Forming A Hypothesis


Hypothesis is a statement that relates the manipulated variables and the

responding variables.

Eg : The larger the surface area, the higher the rate of cooling.

I think the bigger the

surface area, the higher

the rate of cooling

1 S f


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Membuat Hipotesis


Hipotesis ialah satu pernyataan tentang hubungan antara pemboleh ubah

yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas.

Contoh : Semakin besar luas permukaan, semakin tinggi kadar penyejukan

Pada pendapat saya,

semakin besar luas

permukaan, semakin

tinggi kadar penyejukan.



T i 1 S i tifi I ti ti


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Planning Investigations

Method Of

Scientific

Investigation



Make a step-by-step list (procedure)

How to control the variables?

What apparatus and materials are needed?

How to measure, collect, record, and analyse data?

250 m beaker

100 m beaker

hot water

stopwatch

thermometer

B b 1 P i t S i tifik


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Merancang Penyiasatan

Kaedah

Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Langkah-langkah/ Prosedur

Kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah

Radas dan bahan yang diperlukan

Cara mengukur, mengumpul, mencatat, dan menganalisis

data

Bikar 250 m

Bikar 100 m

Air panas

Jam randik

Termometer



T i 1 S i tifi I ti ti


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Carrying Out The Investigation

Method Of

Scientific

Investigation



Carry out investigation according to the procedures

planned

Fill each

beaker with

100 m ofhot water

thermometer

Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik


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Menjalankan Penyiasatan

Kaedah

Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Menjalakan penyiasatan dengan menggunakan

prosedur yang ditetapkan

Isikan 100 m airpanas ke dalamkedua-dua bikar

masing-masing

Termometer





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Observing And Collecting Data

Method Of

Scientific

Investigation



Data are observed and recorded during experiment.

i. Observe and record initial temperature of each beaker.

ii. Start the stop-watch and record the final temperature after 5

minutes.

iii. Data collected are tabulated in tables.

Beaker Initial Temperature

100 m250 m

Temperature After 5 minutes



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Memerhati Dan Mengumpulkan Data

Kaedah

Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Data diperhatikan dan dicatat semasa eksperimen.

i. Memerhati dan mencatatkan suhu awal dalam setiap bikar.

ii. Memulakan jam randik dan mencatatkan suhu akhir dalam kedua-

dua bikar selepas 5 minit.

iii. Data dikumpulkan dan direkod dalam jadual.

Bikar Suhu awal

100 m250 m

Suhu selepas 5 minit







Data collected are displayed in various form

Analysing And Interpreting Data

Method Of

Scientific

Investigation

Line graph

Bar chart

Histogram

Pie chart

0

5

10

15

20

25

A B AB O

no. of

student

type

of

blood

0

5

10

15

20

25

130-139 140-149150-159160-170

group O

group A

group

Bgroup AB

Temperature

Time

Beaker 250 ml

Beaker 100 ml

no. of student

Height

/cm

Blood group

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Data yang telah dikumpul boleh dipamerkan

dalam pelbagai bentuk

Menganalisis Dan Mentafsirkan Data

Kaedah

Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Graf garis

Graf bar

Histogram

Carta pai

0

5

10

15

20

25

A B AB O

Bilangan

pelajar

Kumpulan

darah

Suhu

Masa

Bikar 250 ml

Bikar 100 ml

0

5

10

15

20

25

130-139 140-149150-159160-170

Bilangan pelajar

Tinggi

/cm

Kumpulan O

Kumpulan A

Kumpulan

BKumpulan AB

Kumpulan darah



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Making Conclusion

Based on analysis and interpretation make a conclusion

Example

The larger the surface area, the higher therate of cooling hypothesis is accepted.


Check whether the hypothesis is accepted o not.

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Membuat Kesimpulan

Kesimpulan dibuat berdasarkan analisis dan tafsiran.

Contoh

Hipotesis bahawa semakin besar luas

permukaan semakin tinggi kadar penyejukan

diterima.


Periksa sama ada hipotesis diterima atau ditolak.



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Aim :___________________________

___________________________

Hypothesis :___________________________

___________________________

Variable :___________________________

___________________________

Materials ___________________________

and apparatus :___________________________

Produce :1. ___________________________

2. ___________________________

3. ___________________________

Result / Tabulation :

Conclusion:___________________________

___________________________

Writing A ReportMethod Of Scientific

Investigation

Format

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Tujuan :___________________________

___________________________

Hipotesis :___________________________

___________________________

Pemboleh ubah :___________________________

___________________________

Bahan dan radas:______________________________________________________

Kaedah :1. ___________________________

2. ___________________________

3. ___________________________

Keputusan / Jadual :

Kesimpulan:___________________________

___________________________

Menulis LaporanKaedah Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Format



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Scientific Investigationp g

Procedure :

Result / Tabulation :

Conclusion :

J. Writing A ReportMethod Of Scientific

Investigation

Example

Of A

Report

Aim: _____________________________________

_____________________________________

To study the relationship between the ability of an object to float and sink

in water and its density.

Hypothesis: _____________________________________

_____________________________________

Higher density object is able to float in water whereas the lower density

object sink in water.

Variable : _____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Manipulated variable : Different object.

Responding variable : Ability to float or sink.

Fixed variables : Type of water / Volume of object.

Materials _____________________________________

and apparatus : _____________________________________

Five cube of same volume (1cm3) but made of different material, water,

jar, Electronic balance.

1. ___________________________________Mass of each cube is measured with electronic balance and recorded.

2. ___________________________________Each cube is put into the jar.

3. ___________________________________The cube float or sink is observed and recorded.

Object Mass (g) Density (gcm3) Ability to sink / float

Iron

Plastic

Rubber

Lead

Wood


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Kaedah :

Keputusan / Jadual:

Kesimpulan:

Menulis LaporanKaedah Penyiasatan

Saintifik

Contoh

Laporan

Tujuan:_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Mengkaji hubungan antara keupayaan sesuatu objek untuk terapung

atau tenggelam dengan ketumpatannya.

Hipotesis:_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Objek yang kurang tumpat akan terapung manakala objek yang lebih

tumpat akan tenggelam dalam air.

Pemboleh ubah:_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan : Objek berlainan

Pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas : Objek terapung atau tenggelam

Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan : Jenis air/ isipadu objek

Bahan dan radas:_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Lima kiub yang diperbuat daripada bahan berlainan dengan isipadu

1cm3, air, bekas, penimbang elektronik

1. ____________________________________________Jisim setiap kiub ditimbang dengan menggunakan penimbang elektronik dan direkodkan.

2. ____________________________________________Setiap kiub dimasukkan dalam bekas.

3. ____________________________________________Kiup diperhatidan dan pemerhatian direkodkan


Penyiasatan Saintifiky

Objek Jisim (g) Ketumpatan(gcm 3)Terapung/tenggelam

Besi

Plastik

Getah

Plumbum

Kayu

Ketumpatan = Jisim

Isipadu

= Jisim

1 cm

Ketumpatan air = 1 gm -3

Kesimpulan

Objek yang kurang tumpat daripada 1g cm-3

akan terapung manakala objek yang lebih

tumpat daripada 1g cm-3akan tenggelam dalam

air.

3

Prosedur

Besi Plastik Getah Plumbum Kayu Bekas Air
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1.2 Scientific Attitudes And Noble Values

Sikap Sainti f ik Dan Nilai Murn i





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Scientific Attitudes And Noble Values

Practising Scientific Attitudes And Noble Value

Interested and curious. Honest and accurate in recording and validating data.

Hardworking and persevering.

Responsible about safety of oneself, others and environment. Realize that science is mean to understand nature.

Appreciate the balance in nature.

Polite and respectful.

Thankful to God Critical and analytical thinking.

Flexible and open minded.

Kind-hearted and caring.

Think objectively.

Systematic.

Cooperative.

Fair and impartial. Brave.

Rational thinking.

Confident and independent.

Appreciate the contribution of science and technology



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Sikap Saintifik Dan Nilai Murni

Amalan Sikap Saintifik Dan Nilai Murni

Minat dan bersifat ingin tahu. Jujur dan tepat semasa merekod dan mengesahkan data.

Rajin dan tabah.

Bertanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan diri dan rakan serta ke atas alam sekitar. Menyedari bahawa sains adalah salah satu cara untuk memahami alam.

Menghargai keseimbangan alam semula jadi.

Saling menghormati.

Mensyukuri kurniaan Tuhan. Berfikiran analitikal dan kritikal.

Berfikiran terbuka.

Baik hati.

Bersifat objektif.

Sistematik.

Berkerjasama.

Adil dan saksama. Berani mencuba.

Berfikiran secara rasional.

Yakin dan berdikari.

Menghargai sumbangan sains dan teknologi.




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Scientific Attitudes And Noble Values

Important To Practise Scientific Attitudes And

Noble Values In A Scientific Investigation

Science is always subject to correction andimprovement.

Positive scientific attitudes and noble values

will help to increase the development ofscientific and the chance to success in

scientific investigation.



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Kepentingan Amalan Sikap Saintifik Dan

Nilai Murni Dalam Penyiasatan Saintifik

Sains sentiasa tertakluk kepada pembetulan

untuk memperbaiki yang sedia ada menjadilebih baik.

Sikap saintifik yang positif dan nilai murni

yang baik membantu dalam pembangunansaintifik dan meningkatkan peluang untuk

berjaya dalam penyiasatan saintifik.

Sikap Saintifik Dan Nilai Murni

chapter 1 scientific investigation

Documents

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scientific investigationsteps

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report5222018 chapter

happens5222018 chapter

investigate5222018 chapter

phenomenaiteach science

problemiteach science