Introduction to Information Resource ManagementJordan M. ConteInstructor

History on Secured information•1900 BC first written cryptography•500 BC Hebrew substitution cipher•50 BC Caesar cipher•1844 telegraph (easily ‘tapped’ , civil war)•1876 telephone was invented•1900 radio/ wireless (easily intercept)

WAVE PERIOD ACTIVITIESFirst Wave Agricultural Age FarmingSecond Wave Industrial Age Mass ProductionThird Wave Information Age Specification /

Information

What is INFORMATION?•Information is data that have been

collected and processed into a meaningful form.

Why information needed?•To perform task/ job•To plan•To solve problems•To make decisions•To take action

Sources of Information•Internal Sources

▫Organizational Chart – who does what?▫Reports and annual accounts▫List of directors and managers with their

responsibilities▫Telephone directories▫Personnel departments

Sources of Information•External Sources

▫Reference books▫Quality newspapers/ magazines▫Public / Academic Libraries▫Public relation department of a company▫Commercial organization who is expert in

providing companies information through computer.

What is RESOURCES?• A re-usable source of supply to produce something.• To maximize the efficient and effective use of

resources, they must be classified in order to share them and eliminate unwanted redundancy, and controlled in order to receive, store and distribute them properly.

• Examples:▫Human Resources▫Financial Resources▫Material Resources▫Information Resources

What is MANAGEMENT?•A set of activities (including planning and

decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organization’s resources (human, financial, physical, information) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an effiecient and effective manner.

What is INFORMATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT?•A process to manage information

efficiently and effectively in fulfilling the objectives of the firm.

•IRM concepts rest in the premise that information, information related activities, technologies and personnel are important organizational resources that deserved to be managed like any other resources in an organization (Trauth, 1989)

Definitions of IRM•IRM is the management (planning,

organizations, operations, and control) of resources (human and physical) concern with the system support (development, enhancement, and maintenance) and the servicing (processing, transformation, distribution, storage and retrieval) of information (data, text, voice, image) for an enterprise.

- (Schneyman, 1985)

Definitions of IRM•IRM is the recognition by an organization that

data and information are valuable resources and the application of the same principles in managing data and information as are used in managing physical resources such as personnel.

- (McLeod and Brittain White, 1988)•IRM, simply put, is the belief that information is

an asset that should be managed rigorously and can be contribute to the success of businesses.

- (Kerr, 1991)

Definitions of IRM•IRM is an activity that is pursued by

managers in all level of the firm for the purpose of identifying, acquiring, and managing the information resources needed to satisfy the information needs

- (McLeod and Shells, 2001)

Components of IRM in Modern Organization

The Information Resources

Software Hardware Database

InformationSpecialist

Users

Information

Facilities

Why IRM?•Necessity in today’s modern organization•The engine that is driving the information

economy whereby information and knowledge are intensively used.

•Information resources - - - important asset▫Therefore, it need effective management

Benefits of IRM•Identifies gaps and duplication of

information•Clarifies roles and responsibilities of

owners and users of information •Provide cost saving in the procurement

and handling information•Identifies cost/ benefits of different

information resources.•Actively supports management decision

processes with quality information.

Who needs IRM?•Any organization that wants to survive in

today’s turbulent dynamic environment need IRM in order to be adaptive, knowing and learning.

Adaptive Organization•An organization that modifies its business

practices in response to the changing needs of its stakeholders: customers, employees, and stockholders. It rapidly adapt to changes in its operating environment , it doesn’t take the time to determine the underlying patterns of change within the environment.

Knowing organization•The knowing organization possesses

information and knowledge so that it is well informed, mentally perceptive and enlightened. Its actions are based on shared and valid understanding of the organization’s environments and needs.

Learning organization• An organization in which everyone is engaged in

identifying and solving problems, enabling the organizations to continuously experiment, improve, and increase capability.

• Changing employee behaviors and attitude is the key to the continuous organizational renewal needed in today’s rapidly changing world.

• The organization as a whole is committed to continual improvement of every facet of itself, its products and its services – by learning.

(Senge, Peter M.)

Where and When?• Challenge to perform better, effectively, and quickly

sharing of information and knowledge is critical for organization.

• Wherever and whenever possible, information should be stored in a form that maximizes it’s inherent usefulness.

• Information is a valuable resource and requires careful stewardship.

• Organization that handles information processes with people who regularly needs to access distributed information in the course of workday such as data workers, and knowledge workers.

HOW?•Enterprise Resource Planning•Willard Model

Enterprise Resource Planning• An integrated software solution used to manage a

company’s resources.▫ Business planning systems have been evolving for

decades, and ERP is the current generation. ▫ ERP’s immediate predecessor s, MRP (Material

Requirements Planning) and MRP II ( Manufacturing Resources Planning), focused mainly on managing the manufacturing and accounting resources of a company.

• Today’s ERP systems now integrate all business management functions including planning, inventory/ materials management, engineering, order processing, manufacturing, purchasing, accounting and finance, human resources, and more.

The Willard Model• Identification

▫ The discovery of information resources and the recording of their features in an inventory

• Ownership▫ The establishment of responsibility of the upkeep of the information

resource• Cost and Value

▫ Assessment of the cost of an information resource and its value to the organization.

• Development▫ The further development of an existing information resource to

enhance its value to the organization.• Exploitation

▫ The processes which may allow a resource to generate further value through conversion to an asset or a saleable commodity.

Discussion •Information warfare

Classes of information warfare•Personal information warfare•Corporate information warfare•Global information warfare

Corporate information warfare•Kodak vs. Fuji

▫Fuji stole plans from kodak to build dispossable cameras

▫Kodak hired ex-CIA operatives as “Information Warriors”

▫Eventually Kodak came to the market first with the cameras

•Shredders with scanners built in to them ▫Scan before shredding▫Stored in memory for eventual download

Corporate information warfare‘Business is war’

- Old Japanese Proverb