chapter 1 introduction to hazardous...
TRANSCRIPT
Hazardous Materials for First Responders
4th Edition
Chapter 1 — Introduction to Hazardous Materials
Learning Objective 1
Distinguish between hazardous materials incidents and other emergencies.
1–1
What makes a hazardous materials incident different?
1–2
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REVIEW QUESTION
How are hazardous materials incidents different from other types of emergencies?
1–3
Discuss the roles of Awareness-Level and Operations-Level responders.
Learning Objective 2
1–4
There are six levels of training according to NFPA® standards.
1–5
Awareness OperationsHaz Mat
Technician
Haz Mat Branch Officer
Haz Mat Incident
Commander
Private Sector
Specialist
There are five levels of training according to OSHA standards.
1–6
Awareness OperationsHaz Mat
Technician
Haz Mat Branch Officer
On Scene Incident
Commander
First responder roles vary by training level.
1–7
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are Awareness-Level personnel’ s responsibilities at a hazardous materials incident?
What are Operations-Level personnel’ s responsibilities at a hazardous materials incident?
1–8
Describe the various types of hazardous materials hazards.
Learning Objective 3
1–9
There are two main definitions of hazardous exposure.
1–10
Acute
Acute health effects
Chronic
Chronic health effects
Instantly freeze
materials
Liquefied gas
Cryogen
Cold temperatures can present unique dangers when working with cryogenic and liquefied gases.
1–11
(Continued)
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of cryogenic materials?
1–12
Cryogenic and liquefied gases can boil into a much larger vapor cloud.
1–13
Courtesy of Steve Irby, Owasso Fire Department
WARNING!
Any clothing saturated with a cryogenic material may be removed immediately. This actions is particularly important if the vapors are flammable or oxidizers. A first responder could not escape flames from clothing-trapped vapors if they were to ignite.
1–14
ExamplesRequire extreme caution
Increase heat
effects
Elevated temperature materials can ignite flammable and combustible materials.
1–15
The U.S. DOT definition of elevated-temperature material.
1–16
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Radiological Hazards exist at specific types of incidents.
1–17
Each type of ionizing radiation has a different penetrating power.
1–18
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the four types of ionizing radiation? Describe each briefly.
1–19
• Radiation
• Asphyxiation
• Chemical
– Toxic/Poisonous
– Corrosives
Health Hazards Vary
1–20
(Continued)
Corrosives comprise the largest usage class in the industry.
1–21
(Continued)
REVIEW QUESTION
The likelihood and severity of an adverse health effect resulting from a chemical exposure are dependent upon which factors?
What is the difference between an acid and a base?
1–22
• Irritants
• Convulsants
• Carcinogens
• Sensitizers/Allergens
• Etiological/Biological
• Mechanical
Health Hazards Vary
1–23
Microorganisms that may cause severe, disabling disease or illness.
1–24
Virus
Ricin
Bacteria
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Explosions present specific hazards.
1–25Co
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REVIEW QUESTION
Describe the different types of etiological hazards.
What four hazards can be caused by an explosion?
1–26
Explain each of the routes of entry.
Learning Objective 4
1–27
One route of entry is through inhalation.
1–28
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What types of hazardous products may be inhaled into the body?
1–29
A second route of entry is through ingestion.
1–30
A third route of entry is through skin contact.
1–31
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the three main routes of entry as defined by the CDC?
Why is it important to know these?
1–32
Describe the U.S., Canadian, and Mexican hazardous materials regulations and definitions.
Learning Objective 5
1–33
• Department of Transportation (DOT)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Comprehensive, Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
1–34
(Continued)
• Environmental Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
• Department of Labor (DOL)
1–35
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
(Continued)
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What is a process?
1–36
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
• Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
• Department of Energy (DOE)
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
1–37
(Continued)
• Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB), Department of Defense (DoD)
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), Department of Treasury
• Department of Justice (DOJ)
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
1–38
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are dangerous goods?
1–39
• Transport Canada (TC)
• Environment Canada
• Health Canada
• Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)
Canadian Regulations and Definitions
1–40
• Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT)
• Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT)
• Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (STPS)
Mexican Regulations and Definitions
1–41
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico?
1–42
Discuss hazardous materials incident statistics.
Learning Objective 6
1–43
Hazardous materials incidents trends can be measured.
1–44
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DISCUSSION QUESTION
Which mode of transportation is MOST likely to have a haz mat transportation incident?
1–45
Summary
• First responders must understand their roles and limitations at haz mat emergencies.
• Numerous government agencies and government regulations play important roles in how hazardous materials are manufactured, used, transported, and disposed of. (Continued)
1–46
• Haz mat incidents typically involve certain types of materials, but first responders must be prepared to deal with any emergencies.
Summary
1–47