chapter 1 - introduction to biochemistry (slideshare)
DESCRIPTION
website: http://www.am-medicine.com Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/pages/Am-medicine/207726329406832 Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1409138472653811/TRANSCRIPT
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BCH 400/600 – Introductory Biochemistry
Instructor: David ShintaniOffice: 311C Fleischmann
Ag.Lab: 308 Fleischmann Ag.E-mail: [email protected]: (775) 784-4631
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What is Biochemistry?• Biochemistry = chemistry of life.
• Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level.
• Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism
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How does biochemistry impact you?
• Medicine
• Agriculture
• Industrial applications
• Environmental applications
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Principle Areas of Biochemistry
• Structure and function of biological macromolecules
• Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes.
• Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis
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Life Before Biochemistry
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Once upon a time, a long long time ago…..
Vitalism: idea that substances and processes associated with living organisms did not behave according to the known laws of physics and chemistry
Evidence: 1) Only living things have a high degree of
complexity2) Only living things extract, transform and
utilize energy from their environment3) Only living things are capable of self
assembly and self replication
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Origins of Biochemistry: A challenge to “Vitalism.”
Famous Dead Biochemist!
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Fallacy #1: Biochemicals can only be produced by living organisms
•1828 Friedrich Wohler
•Dead Biochemist #1
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Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
•1897 Eduard Buchner
Dead Biochemists #2
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
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• Emil Fischer
Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living
matterDead Biochemists #3
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Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living
matterDead Biochemists #4
1926 J.B. Sumner
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Findings of other famous dead biochemist
• 1944 Avery, MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
• 1953 Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
• 1958 Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
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Organization of Life• elements• simple organic compounds
(monomers)• macromolecules (polymers)• supramolecular structures• organelles• cells• tissues• organisms
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Range of the sizes of objects
studies by Biochemist
and Biologist
1 angstrom = 0.1 nm
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Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, HLess abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, ClTrace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, ZnTrace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,
Elements of Life
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Important compounds, functional groups
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Many Important Biomolecules are Polymers
p ro te in com plex
p ro te in su b un it
a m ino ac id
m em b rane
p ho sp ho lip id
fa tty a c id
ce ll w a ll
ce llu lo se
g lu co se
ch ro m o som e
D N A
n uc leo tidemonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids
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Lipids
m em b rane
p ho sp ho lip id
fa tty a c idmonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
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Proteins
monomer
polymer
supramolecularstructureEnzyme complex
protein subunit
amino acid
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Carbohydrates
ce ll w a ll
ce llu lo se
g lu co semonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
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ch ro m a tin
D N A
n uc leo tidemonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
Nucleic Acids
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Common theme:
Monomers form polymers through condensations
Polymers are broken down through hydrolysis.
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Prokaryote Cell
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Cellular Organization of an E. coli Cell
200 – 300 mg protein / mL cytoplasm
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Eukaryote Cell
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