chapter 1. information age 1.1information age and it 3information age and it 1.2applications of...
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Chapter 1
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Information Age
1.1 Information Age and IT 3
1.2 Applications of IT 4
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Chapter 1 Information Age
1.1 Information Age and IT
1.1.1 Nature of Computers 1.1.2 IT and Computers
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1.1 Information Age and Information Technology
1.1.1 Nature of Computers (1)
1. Speed– High processing speed
But, may not be at full power all the times
2. Reliability– Low failure rate of electronic components
3. Accuracy– Always gives accurate results, unless
program bugs incorrect data input
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1.1.1 Nature of Computers (2) 4. Storage capacity
– Different types of storage – can store huge amount of data
5. Communication ability– Data transmission between computers– Use of computers :
Communication between people
1.1 Information Age and Information Technology
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1.1.2 IT and Computers Information Technology (IT)
– Create, store, exchange, and use information– Mainly computer technology
other technologies: communication, audio and video etc.
– Includes computers and other technologies Information
– Helps people in making decision Information Age
– Driven by information technology
1.1 Information Age and Information Technology
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1.2 Applications of IT Clothing, Eating & Food, Housing,
Transportation
Finance & commerce, Education, Science, Health, Law Enforcement, Government and Robotics
Chapter 1 Information Age
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1.2.1 Clothing Design Manufacturing Inventory System Sales Record
1.2 Applications of IT
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Clothing- 1.2.1.1 Design
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software – Complete most of the design process– Allow designers to modify their designs easily
Templates – eliminate the needs to start everything from
scratch
1.2.1 Clothing
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Clothing- 1.2.1.2 Manufacturing
Design – Passed electronically to the manufacturing
department Schedule Production lines
– Evaluate the time for each section– based on
date of completion, quantity required and complexity of the design
– Ensure that all sections completed according to a pre-set sequence work load evenly distributed among the production
lines
– For the best overall efficiency
1.2.1 Clothing
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Clothing- 1.2.1.3 Inventory System
Computer-based Inventory System – Records the details of each product
like the product name, type, location and quantity
Electronic Map – Shows the locations of all goods– Allows retrieval of goods quickly
1.2.1 Clothing
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Clothing- 1.2.1.4 Sales records
Inventory system (similar to last page)
Sales records – data for each sale is recorded– Help Sales manager to
know the trend and make decision on future replenishment of goods
– The statistics help the store manager to determine the business strategy of the company
1.2.1 Clothing
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1.2.2 Eating and food Monitoring and Control Supermarket Embedded Computer Food Ordering
1.2 Applications of IT
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Eating and food-
1.2.2.1 Monitoring and controls
Agriculture– Providing information about
crop, cattle and farming
Food processing factory– Monitoring the production process – Controlling the quantity of the final
product
1.2.2 Eating and food
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Eating and food-
1.2.2.2 Supermarket Inventory, Personnel, Sales, Customer Services etc. Point-Of-Sales (POS) terminal
– Bar code readers are installed to provide fast and reliable data input
– Stock-on-shelf records on central computer updated instantly verified by a staff who uses a handheld computer
Sales Information– Information about the popularity of goods – Arrange items for display on the shelves– Replenishment of goods
1.2.2 Eating and Food
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Eating and food-
1.2.2.3 Embedded computer
Embedded computer– Microwave oven inside a kitchen– Using a pre-programmed fire setting
defrost frozen meat
1.2.2 Eating and food
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Eating and food-
1.2.2.4 Food ordering Handheld computer (PDA)
– Waiter records your food order Radio Waves
– Transmits information to a central computer
Inside the kitchen– Food order appears on a display – The cook to follow.
1.2.2 Eating and food
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1.2.3 Housing House Design Engineering Building Management Home Security
1.2 Applications of IT
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Housing - 1.2.3.1 House design
Computer Aided Design (CAD) Software
3D model of the design – Viewed from different angles,– both inside and outside
Interactive animations – Allow clients to understand more about
the final design
1.2.3 Housing
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Housing- 1.2.3.2 Engineering
In a construction site, engineers use computers to – Plan their projects &– Manage resources
1.2.3 Housing
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Housing- 1.2.3.3 Building management Smart card technology
– Authenticate residents at the entrance of the buildings
– No need to remember password– Difficult to forge
Web site – Allows residents to reserve facilities
like tennis court or conference room.
1.2.3 Housing
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Housing- 1.2.3.4 Home security
Web cams– Monitor their houses via the Internet.
Smart home technology – that provides greater security – more convenience.
1.2.3 Housing
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1.2.4 Transportation Railway Control Traffic Information GPS Autotoll
1.2 Applications of IT
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Transportation- 1.2.4.1 Controls
The central computer system– Controls the movements of all the trains
along the complex railway network. – Must be fully tested before put into use
because any bugs may lead to serious accidents.
1.2.4 Transportation
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Transportation-
1.2.4.2 Traffic information
Airport – Monitors all the flying planes– Collects vast amount of data,
like aircraft positions, temperature and wind speed,
– Analyzed by the computer to give a reliable overall picture of the weather and air traffic conditions
– Results sent to all the airplanes
1.2.4 Transportation
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Transportation- 1.2.4.3 GPS
GPS (Global Positioning System) – to keep bus company informed about
the positions of all the buses on the road
– Schedule bus services – Solve unexpected problems,
like traffic jam due to a road accident.
1.2.4 Transportation
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Transportation-
1.2.4.4 Autotoll
Autotoll – At the gate, the chip is activated– The chip emits a radio wave, carrying
information, like the driver's account number.
– Central computer Locates the driver's record based the deposit is deducted appropriate information shown to driver through
– traffic lights
1.2.4 Transportation
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1.2.5 Finance and Commerce
Banking E-commerce
1.2 Applications of IT
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Finance and Commerce- 1.2.5.1 Banking
Bank– Pioneer in computerization among other
commercial activities– All financial transactions are handled
and recorded by computers– E.g. Easy Pay System (EPS)– ATM (automatic teller machine)
terminals to withdraw or transfer money
– Online banking allows you view account balance, transfer money and financial transactions, like online investment
1.2.5 Finance and Commerce
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Finance and Commerce-
1.2.5.2 E-commerce E-commerce -Electronic money e.g. Octopus card
– getting more and more popular
– Online storefront always opens
– Cybermall provides one-stop-
shop services
1.2.5 Finance and Commerce
• Point-of-sale (POS)
system
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1.2.6 Communications E-mail Internet Services
1.2 Applications of IT
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Communications-
1.2.6.1 e-mail e-mail
– Communication tool of many people– E-mail message quickly reach the other
side of the world– easily reply, forward or attach with
other documents
– handheld computer incorporated with Mobile phone technology,
Sending and receiving e-mail everywhere
1.2.6 Communications
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Communications-
1.2.6.2 Internet Services Broadband access
– Standard access to the Internet Entertainment
1.computer games» 2.television and movie production Telephony and videoconferencing
– Internet-based– Part of many people's daily life activities.
1.2.6 Communications
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1.2.7 Education IT in education
– used in schools – to assist teaching and learning – Many classrooms are connected to the Internet
Providing a huge source of supplementary materials
– Multimedia learning/Interactive assessing tools More interesting learning experiences to students
– E-learning enables self-paced learning
1.2 Applications of IT
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• Computer Assisted
Learning (CAL)
programs assist
students to learn
different subjects and
display content in
multimedia format.
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• Teachers can make use of IT to present
concepts or demonstrate experiments through
computer graphics, simulation and animation.
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» School Administration• Large amounts of data are stored in
computerised systems for processing.
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1.2.8 Science Scientific Research Weather Forecasting
1.2 Applications of IT
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Science-
1.2.8.1 Research Research
– High-speed capabilities of computers– Simulate events– Prove hypotheses in a cost-effective
manner.
1.2.8 Science
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Science-
1.2.8.2Weather forecasting
Weather forecasting – Need the processing power of
supercomputers– Observatories in the world are linked
to form a network to share and exchange climatic data
– Data are analyzed by the computers to simulate the weather conditions to predict more accurately in coming few days
1.2.8 Science
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1.2.9 Health and Medicine Medical Diagnosis Remote Instruction
1.2 Applications of IT
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Health and Medicine-
1.2.9.1 Medical diagnosis
Monitoring patients – Intensive care in hospitals
Computer-Axial Tomography (CAT) – Assist in diagnosis– Giving 3D pictures of the organs inside a
body
1.2.9 Health&Medicine
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Health and Medicine-
1.2.9.2 Remote instruction Remote instruction
– Use of videoconferencing– Allows experienced doctors instruct other
doctors remotely Virtual reality
– Train medical students in surgical skills
1.2.9 Health&Medicine
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1.2.10 Law enforcement Fingerprint Matching DNA Modelling
1.2 Applications of IT
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Law enforcement-
1.2.10.1 Fingerprint matching Fingerprint matching
– Storage of fingerprints– Matching with thousands of fingerprint
records from the fingerprint database Analyze the patterns Confirm matching automatically
1.2.10 Law Enforcement
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Law enforcement-
1.2.10.2 DNA modelling DNA modelling
– Computer modelling of DNA – Match the DNA from criminal's body with
traces such as blood, left at the crime scene
1.2.10 Law Enforcement
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1.2.11 Government Examination Public Awareness of IT ESD Scheme
1.2 Applications of IT
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Government- 1.2.11.1 Examinations
Examinations– Hong Kong Examinations and
Assessment Authority (HKEAA) is using
– OMR (Optical Mark Reader) readers
– to mark MC questions
1.2.11 Government
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Government- 1.2.11.2 Public awareness of IT
Public awareness of IT– strengthening the IT awareness of the
public– building information infrastructure – developing e-commerce environment
1.2.11 Government
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Government- 1.2.11.3 ESD scheme
Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) – ESD scheme won the Stockholm
Challenge Award in 2001– Aim to deliver government services to
the public via the Internet– Without leaving home, HK residents
can reserve books in a public library pay government bills make appointment apply licenses etc
1.2.11 Government
Electronic public services
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1.2.12 Robots Dangerous Jobs Various Sizes
1.2 Applications of IT
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Robots-
1.2.12.1 Dangerous jobs Computer-controlled Robots take
over many jobs which are – too unpleasant, or– too dangerous for human, – such as
opening packages which are believed to contain bombs
monitoring the conditions near a volcano.
1.2.12 Robots
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Robots-
1.2.12.2 Various size Large robots
– working in factories, – e.g. car manufacturing.
Medium sized robots – play their roles as electronic pets
Tiny sized robots – great potential use in
medical diagnosis or medical treatment
1.2.12 Robots
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Homework Compare the use of IT and the
conventional method The advantage of using IT in office List the IT services provides Hong
Kong banks Give examples how IT are use in
industrial
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project Time expected: 1 week Description Suppose you are the owner of a stationery
shop. Now, you want to introduce IT into your business. You need to prepare a report for the plan, which includes the following:
description of IT applications introduced. reasons for choosing the IT applications.