Chapter 1Living Things Grow and Change

Living Things and Their Needs•Living things grow, respond, and reproduce

•Living things are called organisms.•Living things need food, water, gases, and space.•Living things get what they need from the environment.

Environment – all the living and nonliving things that surround an organism.

Reproduce – make more of one’s own kind.

•Living things are made of many small parts called cells.Cells – the building blocks of life.

Living and Nonliving

Living Things Nonliving Things

Plant Life Cycles• Seed – a structure that can grow into a new

plant.• Embryo – the young plant that is just beginning

to grow.Step 1: A seed is planted in the soil.Step 2: The seed germinates. Roots start growing down into the soil.Step 3: The roots grow longer, and a stem pushes up out of the ground.Step 4: The plant grows leaves. It starts to make its own food.Step 5: The plant grows into an adult. It can reproduce and make new seeds.

Plant Life Cycles

• Flower (Cone) – the plant structure that makes seeds.

• Pollination – the movement of pollen from the male part of the flower to the female part.

• Fruit – a structure that holds seeds.• Life Cycle – the stages in an organisms life.

Life Cycle• When a seed is planted it germinates (begins to

grow)• The seed grows into a small plant called a seedling• The seedling grows into an adult plant which

reproduces by making new seeds• The new seeds travel to the soil to start the process

again• Flowering Plants – make seeds inside of flowers.– Example: Cherry Tree

• Conifers – make seeds inside of cones.– Example: Pine Tree

Parts of a PlantFlower

leaves

Stem

Roots

Basic Animal Life Cycle

• An animal is born• It grows• It reproduces as an adult• In time it dies• Body breaks down and becomes part of the

soil

Animal Life Cycles

• Different animals change in different ways.

– Some are born looking like their parents and others are not.

– The way an animal changes with age is part of its life cycle.

Amphibians and Most Insects

• Go through a metamorphosis–A series of changes in which an

organism’s body changes forms.• Life Cycle begins as an egg

Reptiles, Fish, and Birds

• Most lay eggs

• Animal grows inside the egg

• When it hatches it looks like the adults

• Grows into an adult and reproduces

Mammals

• Born live

• Look much like parents from the start

• Grow into an adult and reproduce

Food Chains

• Food chain – shows how energy passes from one organism to another.– Producer – organism that makes its own food.

» First in a food chain » Example – green plants & algae

– Consumer – organism that eats other organisms.» All animals» One food chain may have many

– Decomposer – an animal that breaks down dead plant and animal material. (FBI)

» Fungus, bacteria, and invertebrate

Food Web

• Several connecting food chains

• Herbivores – organisms that eat mostly plants• Carnivores – organisms that eat mostly other

animals• Omnivores – organisms that eat both plants

and animals

Habitats

• Habitat – the type of environment a living thing needs in order to survive

• Climate – the pattern of weather in a place over a long time

• There are many different kinds of habitats

Structures

• Plants and animals have structures that help them get the things they need from their environment– Structure – a part of a living thing

• Plants – roots, stems, leaves, etc.• Animals – legs, wings, beaks, etc.

Adaptations

• Organisms must live in a habitat that provides their needs.

• Adaptations help living things survive in an environment– Adaptation – a special feature or behavior that

helps a living thing survive.