chapter 1
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Discovering Computers - Chapter 1 Lecture SlidesTRANSCRIPT
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies?
Please discontinue use
of cell phone
and turn off the ringer.
What is a Computer?
The Power of Connections
What Can Computers Do?
Information Systems
Using Digital Technologies to Succeed in Your Career
Using Digital Technologies to Achieve Personal Goals
Information Security and the Social Impact and Implications of Digital Technologies
Why Study Computers and
Digital Technologies?
Chapter 1
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Computer Literacy
A working understanding of the fundamentals of
the computers and their uses.
Was for desktops only. Now for everything
Technology: tools material and processes that
help solve human problems.
Digital: technologies and devices based on digits
(numbers)
Digital electronic device: a device that stores
and processes bits electronically.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
A Computer is…
A digital electronics device
that combines hardware and
software to accept the input
of data, process and store
the data, and produce some
useful output.
Tangible
components
Electronic
instructions
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Hardware, software
Hardware are tangible components of a
computer system. Or a digital device
Software comprises the electronic
instructions that govern the computer
system’s functioning
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Digital Technology
Technology refers to tools,
materials, and processes
that help solve human
problems.
Many of today’s
technologies fall under the
classification of digital
electronics.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Digital Electronics
Digital electronics devices store and process
bits electronically.
A bit represents data using 1’s and 0’s
Eight bits is a byte – the standard grouping
in digital electronics
Digitization is the process of transforming
information into 1’s and 0’s
For more on digitization:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitization
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/analog-digital.htm
http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/317
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
What is a bit and a byte A bit is a Binary Digit.
The word binary means it is one of two things
In the digital world Binary usually refers to either
0 and 1
A byte is a group of 8 bits of any order
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Everything is 0’s and 1’s
How many different combinations can
you get from 0’s and 1’s In a byte you can get 256 different combinations
HOW?
Look at an ASCII TABLE
http://educate.intel.com/en/TheJourneyInside/InstructionalS
trategies/IS_DigitalInformation/iwb_image7.htm
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Knowledge Worker
Today’s well-equipped
knowledge worker makes use
of many digital technologies.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Producing Valuable Information
Data: items stored on a digital electronics
device: numbers, characters, & sounds
Information: data organized and presented in
a manner that provides value to the user:
documents, graphs,
music, photos
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Data vs. Information
Data
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Information
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Microprocessor
Sometimes called a chip or
just a processor, combines
microscopic electronic
components on a single
integrated circuit that
processes bits according to
software instructions.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Digital Technology Metrics
Kilo, Mega, Giga, what comes next?
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Types of computers
Personal computers
Servers
Supercomputers
Special purpose computers
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Key Terms
Desktop computer
Notebook computer
Netbooks
Tablet PC
Smart phone
Personal Computer (PC)
Examples:
www.hp.com
www.apple.com
www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/tabletpc
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Desktop Computer (PC)
Many brands
Dell, HP, Sony, etc
Custom built.
Components are apart
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Notebook and netbook
Notebook are often called
laptops
Different sizes (powerful)
NetBooks are like note book
but are smaller and (less
powerful)
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Tablet PC
Small portable personal computers
Has touch-screen
Handheld computers or PDAs
(personal digital assistant) was also a
type of computers but mainly
replaced by smart cell phones
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Smart Cell phones
Replaced PDA’s
Has everything you want (except
the kitchen’s sink)
Web browsing
Email checking
Sound recorder
Camera
Others
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Synchronize
When you
synchronize or sync
two digital devices,
you update the files
shared between the
devices so that both
copies are up-to-date
and identical.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Computing Platform
A computer’s type,
processor, and operating
system define its computing
platform.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Servers
Powerful computers with
multiple processors and big
memory
Run 365 days a year (24/7)
Many types
Web server
File server
Print server
Email server
Mainframe servers
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Super computers
Most powerful computers
Handle extreme computation
stress
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Types of General Purpose
Computer Systems
Personal Computer (PC)
Workstation
Powerful, multiprocessor,
special-purpose PC
Server
Powerful, multiprocessor
computers that provide
services to many users over a
network
Supercomputer
Most powerful with fastest
processing speeds
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Special-Purpose Computers
A kiosk is a computer
station that provides the
public with specific and
useful information and
services.
The processor and operating system used
in the Kindle allow users to connect to the
Kindle store, where books, magazines,
newspapers, and blogs are available to
download for a fee.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Key Terms
Telecommunications
Computer Networks
Protocols
The Internet
World Wide Web
Wireless Network
Wi-Fi
The Power of Connections
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Telecommunications &
Computer Networks
Telecommunications
are communications that
take place electronically
over a distance.
A computer network is
a telecommunications
network that connects
two or more computers
for data communications.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
The Internet & Web
The Internet is the world's largest public computer network, a network of networks, that provides a vast array of services.
The Web is an Internet service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks
1,463,632,361
Internet Users
& Growing
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Wireless Campus
Wireless Networking
Wireless networks use radio signals
rather than cables to connect users.
Wi-fi is a popular wireless standard.
Wi-fi
Access
Point
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Digital convergence The integration of two or more digital technologies into one
device
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Key Terms
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Automation
VoIP
Database
What Can Computers Do?
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
The Computer and Human Relationship
The creative and
interpersonal
endeavors that people
find most engaging,
computers are ill suited
to perform … as of yet.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Computation
Computers were
invented to compute
– calculate solutions
to mathematical
problems.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
deals with simulating human
thought and behavior in
computers.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Automation
Automation
involves utilizing
computers to
control otherwise
human actions
and activities.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Communication
Computer systems control,
support, or provide many forms
of communication.
Instant messaging
Blogs
Social networking
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Entertainment
Digital technologies not only enrich people’s
entertainment experiences, but also have
revolutionized entertainment distribution.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Information
A Computer-based
Information System
(CBIS) uses these
components to
manage and distribute
information.
Database is a
collection of data
stored on a computer
and organized to meet
users’ needs.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Key Terms
Information technology (IT)
Systems development
Transaction support system (TPS)
Management Information System (MIS)
Decision Support System (DSS)
Expert System
Information Systems
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Information Technology (IT)
IT can be defined as issues related to the
components of a computer-based information
system.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Information Systems
Systems
development is
the activity of
creating or
modifying existing
information
systems.
NASA scientists use management information systems to examine the data
sent from Mars Rovers.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
E-Commerce
refers to the buying and selling of products or services over
electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer
networks.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Management Information
System
A management information system (MIS) provides information
which is needed to manage organizations efficiently and
effectively. Management information systems involve three
primary resources: people, technology, and information
MIS usually takes data from the transaction processing
systems and summarize it into a series of management reports.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Expert System
computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a
human expert.
Netflix Cinematch
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Key Terms
Information Security
Hacker
Digital divide
Information Security and the Social
Impact of Digital Technologies
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Information Security
Information security refers to the protection of information systems and the information they manage against unauthorized access, use, manipulation, or destruction, and against the denial of service to authorized users.
More on Info Sec at
www.cert.org
www.whitehouse.gov/pcipb/
www.issa.org
Hacker
an individual who subverts
computer security without
authorization.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Best Hackers
http://www.focus.com/fyi/top-10-most-
famous-hackers-all-time/
Jonathan James:
juvenile to be sent to prison for hacking. He
was sentenced at 16 years old.
installed a backdoor into a Defense Threat
Reduction Agency server.
cracked into NASA computers, stealing
software worth approximately $1.7 million.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Jonathan James
James explained that he downloaded the code
to supplement his studies on C programming,
but contended, "The code itself was crappy . . .
certainly not worth $1.7 million like they
claimed
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
The Impact of Digital
Technologies on the World
Digital divide : gap between those individuals
and communities that have, and do not have,
access to the information technologies that
are transforming our lives
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Computer platform
Cpu
OS
And the computer type
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Chapter 1 Questions?