chapter 1 2010-2011
TRANSCRIPT
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
CHAPTER 1
Introduction toElectricalInstallation
Design
Hasnizam Hana
Sc!ool o"Electrical
S#stem
Electrical Installation Design $ DET %&'
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Design o" Po(er Distri)utionDesign o" Po(er Distri)ution
S#stem in *uildingsS#stem in *uildings
The best distribution system isone that will, cost efectively andsaely, supply adequate electricservice to both present and
uture probable loads+unction o" t!e electric+unction o" t!e electric
,o(er distri)ution s#stem,o(er distri)ution s#stem
To receive power at one or more
supply points and deliver it tothe individual lamps, motors,and all other electricallyoperated devices.
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
*asic Princi,les or +actor*asic Princi,les or +actor
Re-uiring ConsiderationRe-uiring Consideration
During DesignDuring Design
• +unctions o" structure.,resent and "uture/
• Li"e and 0ei)ilit# o"structure/
• Locations o" ser2ice
entrance and distri)utione-ui,ment. locations andc!aracteristics o" loads.locations o" unitsu)stations/
• Demand and di2ersit#"actors o" loads/
• Sources o" ,o(er3 includingnormal. stand)# andemergenc#/
• Continuit# and -ualit# o"
,o(er a2aila)le andre uired/
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Cont//*asic Princi,les orCont//*asic Princi,les or
+actor Re-uiring+actor Re-uiring
Consideration During DesignConsideration During Design
• Energ# e4cienc# andmanagement/
• Distri)ution and utilization2oltages/
• *us and5or ca)le "eeders/• Distri)ution e-ui,ment andmotor control/
• Po(er and lig!tingdistri)ution )oards and
motor control centers/• T#,es o" lig!ting s#stems/
• Installation met!ods/
• Po(er monitoring s#stems/
• Electric utilit#re-uirements/
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGNGoals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design
1616 Sa"et#Sa"et# To design the power systemwhich will not present any
electrical hazard to the peoplewho utilize the acility, and/orthe utilization equipment edrom the electrical system
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design
%6 7inimum Initial In2estment
The owner’s overall budget orrst cost purchase andinstallation o the electricaldistribution system andelectrical utilization equipment
will be a !ey actor indetermining which o variousalternate system designs are tobe selected. "hen trying tominimize initial investment orelectrical equipment,
consideration should be given tothe cost o installation, #oorspace requirements and possiblee$tra cooling requirements aswell as the initial purchase price
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Goals o" S#stem Design 8Cont96
:6 7aimum Ser2ice Continuit#
The degree o service continuity and reliabilityneeded will vary depending on the type anduse o the acility as well as the loads orprocess being supplied by the electricaldistribution system.
Typically, service continuity and reliability canbe increased by% &upplying multiple utility power sources
or services
&upplying multiple connection paths toloads served
'sing short time rated power circuitbrea!ers
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Goals o" S#stem Design 8Cont96
(roviding alternate customers ownedpower sources such as generators orbatteries supplying uninterruptible powersupplies
&electing the highest quality electricalequipment and conductors
'sing the best installation methods )esigning appropriate systems alarms,
monitoring and diagnostics &electing preventative maintenance
systems or equipment to alarm beore anoutage occurs
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design 8Cont968Cont96
;6 7aimum +lei)ilit# < E,enda)ilit#*n many industrial manuacturing plants,electrical utilization loads are periodically relocated or changed requiring changes in theelectrical distribution system. +onsideration othe layout and design o the electrical distribution system to accommodate thesechanges must be considered
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design 8Cont968Cont96
=6 7aimum Electrical E4cienc# 87inimumO,erating Costs6lectrical e-ciency can generally bema$imized by designing systems thatminimize the losses in conductors,
transormers and utilization equipment. (ropervoltage level selection plays a !ey actor in thisarea and will be discussed later. &electingequipment, such as transormers, with loweroperating losses, generally means higher rstcost and increased #oor space requirements
thus, there is a balance to be consideredbetween the owner’s utility energy change orthe losses in the transormer or otherequipment versus the owner’s rst cost budgetand cost o money.
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design
8Cont968Cont96
>6 7inimum 7aintenance Cost
'sually the simpler the electrical system designand the simpler the electrical equipment, theless the associated maintenance costs andoperator errors. s electrical systems andequipment become more complicated to
provide greater service continuity or #e$ibility,the maintenance costs and chance or operatorerror increases. The systems should bedesigned with an alternate power circuit to ta!eelectrical equipment 0requiring periodicmaintenance1 out o service without dropping
essential loads. 'se o drawout type protectivedevices such as brea!ers and combinationstarters can also minimize maintenance costand out2o2service time.
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design
8Cont968Cont96
'6 7aimum Po(er ?ualit# The power input requirements o all utilizationequipment has to be considered including theacceptable operating range o the equipmentand the electrical distribution system has to
be designed to meet these needs
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Lo( @oltage Distri)utionS#stem 8Princi,les6
M
S
B
S S B 1
M a i n D i s t r ib u t io n L e v e l S u b D i s t r i b u t io n L e v e l S u b D i s t r ib u t io n L e v e l
S S B 2
S S B 3
D B
D B
D B
D B
D B
D B
D B
D B
D B
2 +entralised highpower loads such asair compressors andwater cooling units inindustrial processes or
air conditioners andlits in o-ce buildings.
• &ub distribution usedto distribute electricitywithin each area
• 7inal distribution, usedto supply the variousloads
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Lo( @oltage Distri)utionLo( @oltage Distri)ution
S#stem 8Princi,les6S#stem 8Princi,les6
*asic To,ologies*asic To,ologies
ll distribution systems are combinationso two basic topologies%
8.&tar topologies% 9adial or centralizeddistribution
:.4us topologies% )istribution usingbusduct / busways 0also reerred to asbusbar trun!ing system1
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Lo( @oltage Distri)utionS#stem 8Princi,les6
&tar Topologies
4us Topologies
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Selecting a Distri)utionSc!emes
The 65 distribution scheme is selected accordingto%• Energ# a2aila)ilit# re-uirements
The criterion o independent circuits todiferent parts o an installation ma!es it
possible to%8. 6imit the consequences o a ault to the
circuit concerned:. &imply ault locating
;. +arry out maintenance wor! or circuit
e$tensions without interrupting thesupply o power to the whole installation.
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Selecting a Distri)utionSelecting a Distri)ution
Sc!emesSc!emes
• Size o" t!e site 8area < total ,o(er to )edistri)uted6&mall sites are supplied directly by the utility’s65 networ! and the size and powerrequirements o the installation do not
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Selecting a Distri)utionSc!emes
• Load la#out 8e-ui,ment and ,o(er densit#6 Two types o loads, depending on their layout onthe site, must be ta!en in account%• +oncentrated load, generally corresponding
to building utilities used or the entire siteand requiring high power 0e.g. centralized airconditioning units, lits, rerigeration units insupermar!et1
• )istributed loads that can be dealt with ingroups corresponding to a homogeneousarea 0#oor, actory shop, production line1 and
characterized by two parameters% powerdensity 0in 5/m:1 and equipment density 0innumber o devices per 8= or 8==m:1
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Selecting a Distri)utionSc!emes
• Installation 0ei)ilit# re-uirements*nstallation #e$ibility is an increasinglyimportant requirement, in particular orcommercial and industrial premises.
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Rules and Statutor# Regulations
6ow2voltage installations are governed by a
number o regulatory and advisory te$ts, whichmay be classied as ollows%8. &tatutory regulations 0decrees, actory
acts, etc.1,:. +odes o practice, regulations issued by
proessional institutions, ational and international standards orinstallations,
?. >ational and international standards orproducts.
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Rules and Statutor# Regulations
The electricity supply and installation practice
in (eninsular 3alaysia are governed by theollowing%8. lectricity &upply ct 8@@= A ct ??B
:. 6icensee &upply 9egulation 8@@=;. lectricity 9egulation 8@@?
?. C&D 8@@? A Cccupational, &aety E Dealthct
F. 3alaysia &tandard 3& *+ G=;G? lectrical*nstallation o 4uildings
G. The current edition o the * "iring9egulations or lectrical *nstallations,where necessary 0* "iring 9egulation 8GE8B th dition1
B. lectricity &upply 0&uccessor +ompany1 ct8@@= A ct ??H
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Denitions o" @oltage Ranges
*n 3alaysia, the design criteria aredeveloped by Tenaga >asional 4erhad0T>41 or steady state supply voltagelevel #uctuation o the low voltagesystem can be divided into%
&teady state voltage level #uctuationunder normal condition% ?8F5/:?=5 I8=Jto KFJ.
&teady state voltage level #uctuationunder contingency condition% ?8F5/:?=5I8=J.
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
TN* Su,,l# Sc!emes and 7aimumDemand Le2el "or Lo( @oltage
S#stem
7D Ranges o"Indi2idualCustomer
Su,,l#@oltage
T#,ical Su,,l#Sc!eme
'p to 8:!5 :?=5 • Cverhead services
rom 65 mains8:!5 to 8==!5 ?8F5 • Three phase
overhead orunderground cableservice rom e$isting
65 mains
8==!5 to 8===!5 ?8F5 • )irect cable servicesrom 65 board rom asubstation
Typical supply schemes or various 3a$imum
)emand 03)1 levels
l ! d i
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
No T#,e o" Premises 7inimum
8B6
A2erage
8B6
7aimum
8B6
8 6ow cost #ats, single
storeyterrace
8.F :.= ;.=
: )ouble storey terrace orapartment
;.= ?.= F.=
; &ingle storey,
semidetached
;.= F.= B.=
? &ingle storey bungalow Ethree room condominium
F.= B.= 8=.=
F )ouble storey bungalowE
lu$ury condominium
H.= 8:.= 8F.=
9ange o 3a$imum )emand 03)1 or domestic customersubclasses or premises
TN* Su,,l# Sc!emes and 7aimumDemand Le2el "or Lo( @oltage
S#stem
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
9ange o 3a$imum )emand 03)1 or types o shophouses
TN* Su,,l# Sc!emes and7aimum Demand Le2el "or
Lo( @oltage S#stem
No T#,e o" Premises 7inimum
8B6
A2erage
8B6
7aimum
8B6
8 &ingle storey,semidetached
F 8= 8F
: )ouble storey shophouse
8F := :F
; Three storey shop house := ;= ;F
? 7our storey shop house :F ;F ?F
F 7ive storey shop house ;= ?= FF
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Rules and Statutor#Regulations
T#,es o" su,,l# a,,lications are
,ro2ided )# TN* can )e classiedinto t!ree t#,es
• Su,,l# a,,lication "or load u, to1&&@A
Su,,l# usuall# "rom eistingsu,,l# mains Su)mission o" a,,lications to
TN*D )# Electrical Contractorregistered (it! Suru!ana#a
Tenaga 8ST6 Processing ,eriod "or su,,l# (ill
tae a maimum o" : (ees u,ona,,ro2al "rom t!e localaut!orities/
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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION
DESIGN
Rules and Statutor#Regulations
• Su,,l# a,,lication "or load
eceeding 1&&@A Su,,l# ma# re-uireesta)lis!ment o" ne( su)station
Su)mission o" a,,lications toTN*D )# Consultant Engineer
Processing ,eriod "or su,,l# ma#tae )et(een > mont!s to :#ears de,ending on t!e etent o"electrical in"rastructure re-uired/
• Su,,l# a,,lication "or streetlig!t
A,,lication made )# t!e localaut!orit#5go2ernmentde,artment
A,,lication )# de2elo,er A,,lication )# indi2idual