chapter 02 tcp-ip and subnet planning v2.0.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
1/27
HUAWEI
Training Objectives
TCP/ IP
Subnetwork planning
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
2/27
HUAWEI
TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model
TCP/IP Protocol layers
Application layer
Presentation layer
Conversation layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Application layer
Transport layer
Interconnection layer
OSI reference model
TCP/IP has simple hierarchy design
In clear corresponding relations with OSI reference model.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Network access layer
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
3/27
HUAWEI
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Provide application program
network interfacesApplication
layer
Network
layer
Interconnection
layer
Network
access
layer
Establish terminal to
terminal connection
Addressing and
route selecting
Physical media visit
Binary data flow transmission
HTTP, Telnet, FTP,
TFTP, Ping, etc
TCP/UDP
ARP/RARPIP
ICMP
Ethernet, 802.3, PPP,
HDLC, FR, etc
Interfaces and
wires/cables
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
4/27
HUAWEI
TCP/IP Data Encapsulation
Application layer
Transport layer
Interconnection layer
Network access layer
TCP/UDP
IP PACKETS
FRAMES
BITS
TELNET FTP SMTP TFTP
6
17
23 20/2125 69
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
5/27
HUAWEI
Application layer
File transfer:FTP, TFTP
Mail service:
SMTP, POP3
Network management:
SNMP, Telnet, Ping, Tracert
Network service:
HTTP, DNS, WINS
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
6/27
HUAWEI
Transport Layer protocol Overview
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Network access layer
TCP
UDP
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
7/27
HUAWEI
TCP/UDP Message
TCP message format
UDP message format
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
8/27
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
9/27
HUAWEI
TCP Connection
Server
Internet
Host MessageSegment 1
Message
Segment 2
Message
Segment 3
Syn=a
Syn =b
Confirming number=a+1
Confirming number=b+1
Establish
connection
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
10/27
HUAWEI
Slide Window
Send
party
ReceivepartyWindow size=3
1
2
3
Confirmation 44
5
6
Confirmation 7Window size=2
7
8
Confirmation 9 Window size=0
The slide window mechanism realizes flow control through dynamically adjusting the window sizeThe slide window mechanism realizes flow control through dynamically adjusting the window size
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
11/27
HUAWEI
Network Layer Protocol Overview
Network access
layer
Application
layer
Transport
layer
Network
layer
IP
ARP
RARP
ICMP
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
12/27
HUAWEI
IP
0 4 8 16 31
VersionMessage
lengthService type Total length
Identification Flag Chip offset
Time to live Protocol Message header checksum
Source IP address
Destination IP address
IP options
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
13/27
HUAWEI
ARP
I need Ethernet addressof 10.0.0.1
Broadcast received.This is Ethernet
address
IP :10.0.0.1 = ? ? ?
Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030
10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1
A B
Map IP address to MAC address
Local AR
Map IP address to MAC address
Local AR
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
14/27
HUAWEI
RARP
IP :10.0.0.1
Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030
IP=?
Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030
Whats my IP address? Ill tell you!
RARP ser verDiskless workstation
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
15/27
HUAWEI
ICMP
Is Baccessible?
Here Iam
ICMP Echo Request
ICMP Echo Reply
A B
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
16/27
HUAWEI
Introduction to IP Address
IP address uniquely identifies a piece of network equipment;
Private IP addresses
IP address uniquely identifies a piece of network equipment;
Private IP addresses
10.110.192.111 20.130.188.144
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
17/27
HUAWEI
Types of IP Addresses
0 net-id host-id
1 0 net-id host-id
1 1 0 net-id host-id
1 1 1 0 Multi-cast address
1 1 1 1 0 Reserved for future use
0 1 2 3 4 8 16 24 31
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
Type E
Fi gur e 2 5 t ypes of I P address
net-idnet work No. host-id host number
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
18/27
HUAWEI
Special IP Addresses
Network part Host part Address type Use
127 any
Completely0
Completely1
Any
Completely0Any
Completely1
Network addressRepresenting a network
Segment
Broadcast address
All the nodes of a Specially
designated network segment
Loop back address Loop test
Broadcast addressAll nodes of
Local network segment
All networksHuawei Quidway router used
Designate default routes
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
19/27
HUAWEI
No Subnet Addressing
172.16.28.1172.16.30.10
172.16.30.1
Type B network segment 172.16.0.0
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
20/27
HUAWEI
Addressing with Subnets
Net work
Network segment: 172.16.0.0172.16.4.1
255.255.255.0
172.16.8.1
255.255.255.0
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
21/27
HUAWEI
Example of Addressing with Subnets
172.16.0.0
255.255.0.0 172.16.4.0/24
172.16.8.0/24
172.16.8.160
255.255.255.0
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
22/27
HUAWEI
Subnet Planning
201.222.5.0
255.255.255.0
201.222.5.8
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.16
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.24
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.32
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.9255.255.255.248
201.222.5.17
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.25
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.33
255.255.255.248
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
23/27
HUAWEI
Example of Subnet Type B Planning
Subnet address 172.16.2.0
Host address 172.16.2.1-172.16.2.254
Broadcast address 172.16.2.255
IP host address 172.16.2.120
Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
24/27
HUAWEI
Example of Subnet Type C Planning
Subnet address 192.168.5.120Host address 192.168.5.121-192.168.5.1
26
Broadcast address 192.168.5.127
IP host address 192.168.5.121
Subnet mask 255.255.255.248
Number of
subnet bits
Subnet mask Number of
subnets
Number of hosts
per subnet
2 255.255.255.192 2 62
3 255.255.255.224 6 30
4 255.255.255.240 14 14
5 255.255.255.248 30 6
6 255.255.255.252 62 2
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
25/27
HUAWEI
Variable Long Subnet Masking (VLSM)
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/27
192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.160/30
192.168.1.164/30
192.168.1.168/30
192.168.1.172/30
ISPAnouncement
192.168.1.0
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
26/27
HUAWEI
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Internet
198.168.1.0
198.168.2.0
198.168.3.0
ISP
Announcement route
198.168.0.0/16
CIDR reduces scale of route table and enhances network extensibilityCIDR reduces scale of route table and enhances network extensibility
B i f S
-
7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF
27/27
HUAWEI
Brief Summary
TCP/IP protocol stack
IP address classification
Subnet planning