subnet assignment
DESCRIPTION
Task 2TRANSCRIPT
Problem 1
IP Address, 172.30.1.33
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary number.
172 / 2 = 86 (0) 30 / 2 = 15 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 33 / 2 = 16.5 (1)
86 / 2 = 43 (0) 15 / 2 = 7.5 (1) 16 / 2 = 8 (0)
43 / 2 = 21.5 (1) 7 / 2 = 3.5 (1) 8 / 2 = 4 (0)
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 4 / 2 = 2 (0)
10 / 2 = 5 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 2 / 2 = 1 (0)
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
172 = 10101100 30 = 00011110 1 = 00000001 33 = 00100001
255 / 2 = 127.5 (1)
127 / 2 = 63.5 (1)
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 0 = 00000000
Subnet Address for this IP Address
Perform an AND operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
IP Address X
10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet Address
10101100 00011110 00000001 00000000
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0
172
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 1 1 1 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0
30
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
1
Subnet Address, 172.30.1.0
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0) Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address +
10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001Inverse Subnet Mask
00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111
Broadcast Address
10101100 00011110 00000001 11111111
Broadcast Address, 172.30.1.255
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0
172
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 1 1 1 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0
30
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
1
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
255
Number of Subnet Bits
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[11111111.00000000], count the “1” in the latter half of the Subnet.
We have 8 “1”
Number of Subnet
Formula: 2n = number of subnet, where n is the number of Subnet Bits1
28 = 256
Number of Hosts Bits per Subnet
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[11111111.00000000] count the “0” in the latter half of the Subnet
We have 8 “0”
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet
Formula: 2n – 2 = Number of Usable Hosts, where n is the number of Hosts Bits
28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address 172.30.1.0First Host 172.30.1.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast Address 172.30.1.255Last Host 172.30.1.254
Problem 2
IP Address, 172.30.1.33
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.252
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary number.
172 / 2 = 86 (0) 30 / 2 = 15 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 33 / 2 = 16.5 (1)
86 / 2 = 43 (0) 15 / 2 = 7.5 (1) 16 / 2 = 8 (0)
43 / 2 = 21.5 (1) 7 / 2 = 3.5 (1) 8 / 2 = 4 (0)
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 4 / 2 = 2 (0)
10 / 2 = 5 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 2 / 2 = 1 (0)
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
2 / 2 = 1 (0)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
172 = 10101100 30 = 00011110 1 = 00000001 33 = 00100001
255 / 2 = 127.5 (1) 252 / 2 = 126 (0)
127 / 2 = 63.5 (1) 126 / 2 = 63 (0)
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1) 63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1) 31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1) 15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1) 7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 252 = 11111100
Subnet Address for this IP Address
Perform an AND operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
IP Address X
10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100
Subnet Address
10101100 00011110 00000001 00100000
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0
172
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 1 1 1 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0
30
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
1
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 00 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
32
Subnet Address, 172.30.1.32
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0) Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address +
10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001Inverse Subnet Mask
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000011
Broadcast Address
10101100 00011110 00000001 00100011
Broadcast Address, 172.30.1.35
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0
172
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 1 1 1 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0
30
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
1
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 1 0 0 0 1 10 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
35
Number of Subnet Bits
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[11111111.11111100], count the “1” in the latter half of the Subnet.
We have 14 “1”
Number of Subnet
Formula: 2n = number of subnet, where n is the number of Subnet Bits1
214 = 16,384
Number of Hosts Bits per Subnet
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[11111111.11111100] count the “0” in the latter half of the Subnet
We have 2 “0”
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet
Formula: 2n – 2 = Number of Usable Hosts, where n is the number of Hosts Bits
22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address 172.30.1.32First Host 172.30.1.33
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast Address 172.30.1.35Last Host 172.30.1.34
Problem 3
IP Address, 192.192.10.234
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary number.
192 / 2 = 96 (0) 10 / 2 = 5 (0) 234 / 2 = 117 (0)
96 / 2 = 48 (0) 5 / 2 = 2.5 (1) 117 / 2 = 58.2 (1)
48 / 2 = 24 (0) 2 / 2 = 1 (0) 58 / 2 = 29 (0)
24 / 2 = 12 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 29 / 2 = 14.5 (1)
12 / 2 = 6 (0) 14 / 2 = 7 (0)
6 / 2 = 3 (0) 7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
192 = 11000000 192 = 11000000 10 = 00001010 234 = 11101010
255 / 2 = 127.5 (1)
127 / 2 = 63.5 (1)
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 0 = 00000000
Subnet Address for this IP Address
Perform an AND operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
IP Address X
11000000 11000000 00001010 11101010
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet Address
11000000 11000000 00001010 00000000
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
192
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 1 0 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
10
Subnet Address, 192.192.10.0
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0) Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address +
11000000 11000000 00001010 11101010Inverse Subnet Mask
00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111
Broadcast Address
11000000 11000000 00001010 11111111
Broadcast Address, 192.192.10.255
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 0
192
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 1 0 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
10
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
255
Number of Subnet Bits
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[11111111.00000000], count the “1” in the latter half of the Subnet.
We have 8 “1”
Number of Subnet
Formula: 2n = number of subnet, where n is the number of Subnet Bits1
28 = 256
Number of Hosts Bits per Subnet
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[11111111.00000000] count the “0” in the latter half of the Subnet
We have 8 “0”
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet
Formula: 2n – 2 = Number of Usable Hosts, where n is the number of Hosts Bits
28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address 192.192.10.0First Host 192.192.10.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast Address 192.192.10.255Last Host 192.192.10.254
Problem 4
IP Address, 172.17.99.71
Subnet Mask, 255.255.0.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary number.
172 / 2 = 86 (0) 17 / 2 = 8.5 (1) 99 / 2 = 49.5 (1) 71 / 2 = 35.5 (1)
86 / 2 = 43 (0) 8 / 2 = 4 (0) 49 / 2 = 24.5 (1) 35 / 2 = 17.5 (1)
43 / 2 = 21.5 (1) 4 / 2 = 2 (0) 24 / 2 = 12 (0) 17 / 2 = 8.5 (1)
21 / 2 = 10.5 (1) 2 / 2 = 1 (0) 12 / 2 = 6 (0) 8 / 2 = 4 (0)
10 / 2 = 5 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 6 / 2 = 3 (0) 4 / 2 = 2 (0)
5 / 2 = 2.5 (1) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 2 / 2 = 1 (0)
2 / 2 = 1 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
172 = 10101100 17 = 00010001 99 = 01100011 71 = 01110001
255 / 2 = 127.5 (1)
127 / 2 = 63.5 (1)
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 0 = 00000000 0 = 00000000
Subnet Address for this IP Address
Perform an AND operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
IP Address X
10101100 00010001 01100011 01110001
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Subnet Address
10101100 00010001 00000000 00000000
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0
172
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
17
Subnet Address, 172.17.0.0
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0) Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address +
10101100 00010001 01100011 01110001Inverse Subnet Mask
00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111
Broadcast Address
10101100 00010001 11111111 11111111
Broadcast Address, 172.17.255.255
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0
172
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
17
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
255
Number of Subnet Bits
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[00000000.00000000], count the “1” in the latter half of the Subnet.
We have 0 “1”
Number of Subnet
Formula: 2n = number of subnet, where n is the number of Subnet Bits1
20 = 1
Number of Hosts Bits per Subnet
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.[00000000.00000000] count the “0” in the latter half of the Subnet
We have 16 “0”
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet
Formula: 2n – 2 = Number of Usable Hosts, where n is the number of Hosts Bits
216 – 2 = 65536 – 2 = 65534
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address 172.17.0.0First Host 172.17.0.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast Address 172.17.255.255Last Host 172.17.255.254
Problem 5
IP Address, 192.168.3.219
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary number.
192 / 2 = 96 (0) 168 / 2 = 84 (0) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 219 / 2 = 109.5 (1)
96 / 2 = 48 (0) 84 / 2 = 42 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 109 / 2 = 54.5 (1)
48 / 2 = 24 (0) 42 / 2 = 21 (0) 54 / 2 = 27 (0)
24 / 2 = 12 (0) 21 / 2 = 10.5 (1) 27 / 2 = 13.5 (1)
12 / 2 = 6 (0) 10 / 2 = 5 (0) 13 / 2 = 6.5 (1)
6 / 2 = 3 (0) 5 / 2 = 2.5 (1) 6 / 2 = 3 (0)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 2 / 2 = 1 (0) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
192 = 11000000 168 = 10101000 3 = 00000011 219 = 11011011
255 / 2 = 127.5 (1)
127 / 2 = 63.5 (1)
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 0 = 00000000
Subnet Address for this IP Address
Perform an AND operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
IP Address X
11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet Address
11000000 10101000 00000011 00000000
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
192
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 0 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 0
168
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
3
Subnet Address, 192.168.3.0
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0) Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address +
11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011Inverse Subnet Mask
00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111
Broadcast Address
11000000 10101000 00000011 11111111
Broadcast Address, 192.168.3.255
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
192
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 0 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
168
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
3
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
255
Number of Subnet Bits
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.11111111.[00000000], count the “1” in the latter half of the Subnet.
We have 0 “1”
Number of Subnet
Formula: 2n = number of subnet, where n is the number of Subnet Bits1
20 = 1
Number of Hosts Bits per Subnet
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.11111111.[00000000] count the “0” in the latter half of the Subnet
We have 8 “0”
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet
Formula: 2n – 2 = Number of Usable Hosts, where n is the number of Hosts Bits
28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address 192.168.0.0First Host 192.168.0.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast Address 192.168.3.255Last Host 192.168.3.254
Problem 6
IP Address, 192.168.3.219
Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.252
Change decimal number of both IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary number.
192 / 2 = 96 (0) 168 / 2 = 84 (0) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 219 / 2 = 109.5 (1)
96 / 2 = 48 (0) 84 / 2 = 42 (0) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 109 / 2 = 54.5 (1)
48 / 2 = 24 (0) 42 / 2 = 21 (0) 54 / 2 = 27 (0)
24 / 2 = 12 (0) 21 / 2 = 10.5 (1) 27 / 2 = 13.5 (1)
12 / 2 = 6 (0) 10 / 2 = 5 (0) 13 / 2 = 6.5 (1)
6 / 2 = 3 (0) 5 / 2 = 2.5 (1) 6 / 2 = 3 (0)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 2 / 2 = 1 (0) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
192 = 11000000 168 = 10101000 3 = 00000011 219 = 11011011
255 / 2 = 127.5 (1) 252 / 2 = 126 (0)
127 / 2 = 63.5 (1) 126 / 2 = 63 (0)
63 / 2 = 31.5 (1) 63 / 2 = 31.5 (1)
31 / 2 = 15.5 (1) 31 / 2 = 15.5 (1)
15 / 2 = 7.5 (1) 15 / 2 = 7.5 (1)
7 / 2 = 3.5 (1) 7 / 2 = 3.5 (1)
3 / 2 = 1.5 (1) 3 / 2 = 1.5 (1)
1 / 2 = 0.5 (1) 1 / 2 = 0.5 (1)
255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 255 = 11111111 252 = 11111100
Subnet Address for this IP Address
Perform an AND operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
IP Address X
11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100
Subnet Address
11000000 10101000 00000011 11011000
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Subnet Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
192
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 0 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 0
168
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
3
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 1 1 0 0 0128 + 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1
216
Subnet Address, 192.168.3.216
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Take the IP Address and Inverse (Inverse is when you change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0) Subnet Mask and do OR operation to get the Broadcast Address
1 OR 1 = 1
1 OR 0 = 1
0 OR 0 = 0
IP Address +
11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011Inverse Subnet Mask
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000011
Broadcast Address
11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011
Broadcast Address, 192.168.3.219
Change the binary number into decimal to get the Broadcast Address
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
192
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 0 1 0 1 0 0 0128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
168
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
3
27 = 128 26 = 64 25 = 32 24 = 16 23 = 8 22 = 4 21 = 2 20 = 11 1 0 1 1 0 1 1128 + 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1
219
Number of Subnet Bits
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.11111111.[11111100], count the “1” in the latter half of the Subnet.
We have 6 “1”
Number of Subnet
Formula: 2n = number of subnet, where n is the number of Subnet Bits1
26 = 64
Number of Hosts Bits per Subnet
Take Subnet Mask in binary form, 11111111.11111111.11111111.[11111100] count the “0” in the latter half of the Subnet
We have 2 “0”
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet
Formula: 2n – 2 = Number of Usable Hosts, where n is the number of Hosts Bits
22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet
Take Subnet Address and you add 1 at the last octet of the address
Subnet Address 192.168.3.216First Host 192.168.3.217
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet
Take Broadcast Address and you minus 1 at the last octet of the address
Broadcast Address 192.168.3.219Last Host 192.168.3.218