changing the economics of spacespace-lt.eu/failai/prezentacijos/alex da silva curiel... · 2011. 4....
TRANSCRIPT
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Changing the economics of space
SEMW2010, Vilnius, Lithuania Oct 2010
Changing the Economics of SpaceSSTL Company Profile
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Presentation Outline
• Space does not need to be expensive
• The development of Small Satellites has had dramatic effects
– Making some applications financially viable
– Creating new opportunities
– Widening access to space
• Small satellites are changing the economics of space
1. SSTL corporate overview
2. Overview of small satellite systems
3. SSTL programmes, technology and projects
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Changing the Economics of Space
This is achieved through:
Rapid-response small-satellites built
from advanced terrestrial technology
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SSTL within EADS
• “Autonomous Entity” within EADS Astrium NV
• Much stronger financial backing allows SSTL to prime
much larger contracts
• Access to additional
products and services
Astrium
Satellites
Astrium
ServicesSSTL
Tesat
Dutch Space
Etc…
Astrium
ST
N.V.
Astrium F
Astrium D
Astrium UK
Paradigm
Infoterra
Spotimage
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SSTL - the company
UK-based satellite manufacturing company owned by EADS Astrium NV
(99%) and the University of Surrey (1%)
Formed in 1985, the Company now employs 300 staff and occupies dedicated
facilities in Surrey, Kent & Colorado
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Changing the economics of space
Why small satellites?
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Motivation for move towards small satellites
• The cost of failure of large projects
• Risk can never be reduced to zero
• The maturity of relevant technology, methods and applications
• Hands-on training for the next generation of scientists and engineers
• Fixed launcher mass/volume for deploying multi-satellite systems
7-10 year programmesare not unusual• User frustation with cost and timescales
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What is a small satellite?
• Low mission cost
– NTE budgets: What can be achieved given a budget of „X‟
– “low cost” depends on context, e.g.
• <US100k to $1m in educational missions
• <US$10m for private missions
• <US$50m for small national missions
• <US$200m in Space Agencies
• Short schedules
– From 12 months up to 36 months
• “Innovative” or different approach from the norm
• Effective Design and Implementation Philosophy
– Engineering approach
• E.g. COTS
– Management principles
• E.g. What is important for this mission?
• E.g. “Skunk works”
– Organisational structure
• E.g. no major sub-contractors
– Simple operations concept
Some of these factors are subjective or relative
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Categories
Small Satellites
Mini
Micro
NanoPico
Large Satellites
Mini
500kg
Micro
Nano/Pico
100kg
10kg
Large
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Increasing trend towards launch of smaller satellites
Satellites launched
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
>500kg
Mini
Micro
Nano
A big role for Small Satellites
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Smallsat trends in use/application
• Predominant use in specialised
communications such as Store &
Forward communications
appears to have ended
• Educational use is increasing
• Use as technology demonstrators
is increasing
• There is a steady use in security
applications
• There is a steady use in space
science missions
• Use in Earth Observation
missions is steadily increasing
Smallsat application evolution
<500kg
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Communications
EO
Education
Science
Tech demo
Security
Totals launched
<500kg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Mini
Micro
Nano
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Smallsat trends in user/customer
• Steady background level of
amateur missions
• Security sector (mostly US)
were early adopters, and civil
users have now followed
• Commercial use so far
dominated by LEO comms
• Increasing use now in
educational missions
Smallsat customer evolution
<500kg
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
University / Academic
Commercial
Government
Security
Amateur / private
Totals launched
<500kg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Mini
Micro
Nano
LEO-comms
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Smallsat activity
• Many nations now manufacture, use, or procure
smallsats
Small Satellite ActivityUser and manufacturers
Active (45)
World Countries
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What are the benefits of small satellites?
• Reducing the cost of entry into space
– Achieving more missions within fixed budgets
– Ownership for all - a mission focused and dedicated to the owner‟s specific task,
rather than sharing a government mission that has aggregated demand
• Reducing the time to get into orbit
– More frequent mission opportunities
– Responding rapidly from initial concept to orbital operation
• Making constellations and formation flying financially viable
– Higher spatial coverage
– Higher temporal resolution
– Larger apertures
• Making new space opportunities financially viable
– Scientific investigations
– Commercial ventures
– Public good
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A bus provides a more cost effective service than a car when measured as a cost/person/unit distance, yet the less efficient car is more affordable to the average user
Analogy: The cost of transporting people from point A to point B
“Lowest cost” vs “most cost effective”
Lowest costProbably achieves goal fasterGets to the exact destination
Most cost effectiveTakes longerDestination is a compromise
Small satellites are largely targeted at lowest cost solutions to a specific problem
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Changing the economics of space
Surrey Satellite Technology
Overview of activities
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A history of success
HERITAGE: Flight proven - low risk
RESULTS: All projects fixed price, delivered on-time and on-budget
SUCCESS: Very high mission success – 100% mission success in last 10
years – proven equipment and full redundancy
CUSTOMERS: Variety of customers including many “blue chip” operators as well
as 15 successful training programmes
34 Satellites completed ~200 satellite years on-orbit experience
9 Further satellites (35-43) – currently being prepared for launch
18 payloads in progress (4 optical, 14 navigation)
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Overview of SSTL spacecraft
SSTL# Mission Launch Orbit Mass
(kg)
Customer Payloads
1 UoSAT-1 1984 Delta 560 km 52 UoSurrey, UK Research
2 UoSAT-2 1984 Delta 700 km 60 UoSurrey , UK S&F, EO, rad
3 UoSAT-3 1990 Ariane-4 ASAP 900 km 45 UoSurrey , UK S&F
4 UoSAT-4 900 km 47 UoSurrey /ESA Technology
5 UoSAT-5 1991 Ariane-4 ASAP 900 km 48 SatelLife, USA S&F,EO, rad
6 KitSat-1 1992 Ariane-4 ASAP 1330 km 49 KAIST, Korea LEO comms
7 S80/T 1330 km 50 Matra, France S&F,EO, rad
8 HealthSat-2 1993 Ariane-4 ASAP 900 km 44 SatelLife, USA S&F
9 PoSAT-1 900 km 49 Consortium, Portugal S&F,EO, rad
6B* KitSat-2 900 km 49 KAIST, Korea S&F ,EO, rad
10 Cerise 1995 Ariane-4 ASAP 735 km 50 CNES/DGA, France ELINT
11 FASat-Alfa 1995 Tsyclon 873 km 55 FACH, Chile S&F,EO
12 FASat-Bravo 1998 Zenit-2 835 km 55 FACH, Chile S&F,EO
13 Thai-Phat-1 835 km 55 MU, Thailand S&F,EO
14 UoSAT-12 1999 DNEPR 650 km 312 SSTL and NTU, Singapore EO, Comms
15 Clementine 1999 Ariane-4 ASAP 735 km 50 CNES/DGA, France ELINT
16 Tsinghua-1 2000 Cosmos 650 km 8.3 UoTshinghua, PR China EO, Comms
17 SNAP-1 650km 50 SSTL Technology
18 TiungSAT-1 2000 DNEPR 1020 km 51 ATSB, Malaysia EO, Comms
19 PicoSAT 2001-Athena 650 km 67.2 USAF, USA Military
20 AISat-1 2002 Cosmos 700 km 82 CNTS, Algeria EO-DMC
21 NigeriaSat-1 2003 Cosmos 700 km 82 NASDRA, Nigeria EO-DMC
22 UK-DMC 700 km 90 BNSC/STL, UK EO-DMC
23 BILSAT 700 km 130 TUBITAK, Turkey EO-DMC
24 TopSat 2005 Cosmos 700 km 114 MoD, UK EO
25 Beijing-1 700 km 163 BLMIT, P.R.China Commercial
EO / DMC
26 GIOVE-A 2005 Soyuz 22,000km 649 ESA Navigation
27 CFESat 2006 Atlas-5 ESPA 600km 163 LANL, USA Science
28-32 RapidEye x5 2008 DNEPR 700km 154 MDA/RapidEye Gmbh, Germany Commercial
EO
33 Deimos-1 2009 DNEPR 700km 90 UoSurrey , UK S&F
34 UK-DMC-2 700km 90 Deimos, Spain Technology
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Overview of SSTL missions under contract
# Mission Launch Orbit Mass Customer Payloads Status
35 N2 2010 LEO-SSO 300 NASDRA, Nigeria EO Awaiting Launch
36 NX 2010 90 NASDRA, Nigeria EO Awaiting Launch
37 Kanopus-1 2011 LEO 200 VNIIEM/FSA, Russia EO Delivered
38 Kanopus-2
(BELKA)
LEO 200 VNIIEM/FSA, Russia EO Delivered
39 Kanopus-3 2012 LEO 200 VNIIEM/FSA, Russia EO Delivered
40 Sapphire 2012 LEO 100 MDA/DND, Canada Space
surveillance
Passed CDR
41 ADS-1b 2010 LEO 90 Not disclosed Passed TRR
42 KGS 2012 LEO 160 Contract KO
43 ESMO 2015 Lunar 120 ESA Technology Contract KO
March 2009
Kanopus
N2, NX
SapphireKZ-MR
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Optical payload capability
1982
2001
1991
1992
2004
2002
1998/2001
2000
20132005
2007
1987
1990
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Subsystems
GPS
Power systems• Regulators• Batteries
TM/TC• Transmitters• Receivers• Antennas
Propulsion
Data Handling• Computers• Networks• Data recorders
Solar Panels
Structure• Primary structure• Separation systems• Mechanisms
Payloads, cameras
BasicPlatform:
ComplexPlatform:
MissionEnabling:
ADCS• Controllers and software• Sensors• Actuators
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SSTL capabilities
Full mission capability from definition through to launch,
commission, operations & exploitation
Mission Definition and Design
Sub Systems Design and Manufacturing
Assembly & Integration
Testing
Environmental Testing
Launch
Mission Commission & Operations
Image Processing & Application
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SSTL’s products & services
Core satellite products:
– SSTL 100, compact modular platform
– SSTL 150/300, enhanced modular platforms
– SSTL 900, geostationary modular platform
– Ability to rapidly design and qualify custom platforms
Sub-system products:
– Optical, RF Payloads
– Bus equipment
SSTL offers launch services and can supply ground systems or
operate satellites on behalf of its customers:
– using a global network of compatible ground stations
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Training programmes
Know How Transfer and Training (KHTT)
• Provision of Training to Customer staff, in the form of
theoretical, hands-on and practical, instruction, tasks
or exercises related to a specific Satellite Project
• KHTT is carefully tailored to suit the customer:
1. Customer with a programme to develop national Capability
(SSTL has extensive heritage in this area, 15 previous
customers)
2. Technical organisations wanting to utilise SSTL approach
3. Training for Satellite Users / Product Licensing
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Hand-on training and capacity building programmes
Nation Period Team Mission
Kazakhstan, KGS (2010-2011) 10 KZ-MR
USA, NASA / MSU (2007-2008) 3 Magnolia
Nigeria, NARSDA (2006-2008) 25 NigeriaSat-2
Nigeria, NARSDA (2001-2003) 12 NigeriaSat-1
Turkey, Bilten (2001-2003) 12 BILSAT-1
Algeria, CNTS (2000-2002) 12 AlSAT-1
China, Tsinghua Uni. (1998-1999) 12 Tsinghua-1
Malaysia, ATSB (1996-1998) 9 TiungSat-1
Singapore, NTU (1995-1997) 2 UoSAT-12 (payload)
Thailand, MU (1995-1997) 12 Thai-Phutt
Chile, FACH (1994-1998) 8 FASAT-A&B
Japan, Fujitsu (1992-1994) 3 (FjSAT)
Portugal (1992-1994) 6 PoSAT-1
S.Korea, KAIST (1989-1993) 12 KITSAT
S.Africa (1989-1992) 2 UoSAT 3/4/5
Pakistan, Suparco (1984-1988) 10 BADR-1
• 7 Space Agencies / Space programmes formed
• 6 Priming own space missions
• 2 Spin-out companies
All but 1 remain active in space
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SSTL 100 - Compact modular platform
Lowest cost solution for operational
missions
Key parameters:
– 5-year design life
– Station keeping through cold-
gas propulsion system
– 8-80 Mbit/sec downlink (S-Band or X-Band)
– 16-32 Gbits on-board data store
– 3-axis attitude control system
– Payload accommodation: 35kg, 110W
(Peak), >50W (Average)
Flight heritage:
– Microsat-70 (14 missions)
– SSTL-100 (AlSat-1, Bilsat, NigeriaSat-1,
UK-DMC, Deimos-1, UK-DMC2)
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Mission results – DMC
Fires: prediction, trackingFlooding, disaster response
Deforestation & Land Cover Global Science, Climate change
Multispectral imagery at 32m and 22m GSD
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DMC – 2nd generation launched
29 July 2009 – Successful launch of UK-DMC2 and Deimos-1
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UK-DMC-2 Imagery – Glaciers
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UK-DMC-2 Imagery – Oil Slick
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UK-DMC-2 Imagery – Forest Fires
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UK-DMC-2 Imagery – Agriculture
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SSTL 150/300 - Enhanced modular platforms
High-performance operational missions
Key parameters:
– 7-10 year design life
– Station keeping through Xenon propulsion system
– 105-210 Mbit/sec downlink (X-Band)
– 128 Gbits on-board data store (Hard disk option for 2 Tbits)
– 3-axis attitude control system
– Typical Payload accommodation: 70kg, 200W (Peak), 100W (Av.)
Flight heritage:– TopSat, DMC+4, CFESat, Rapideye (5
Satellites), NigeriaSat-2 (2010)
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Mission results- Tehran, Iran
DMC+4 - 4m PAN Image
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Data Fusion: simultaneous acquisition of MS & PAN
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Mission results – California & UK
• TopSat Images– 2.8m Pan
– 5.6m 3-band
Multispectral
(RGB)
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Agricultural area near Sao Paulo (Brazil), acquired by
CHOROS (RapidEye 4) on Nov 11 2008
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Space Segment
- 2 of the 5 RapidEye spacecraft -
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Changing the economics of space
Looking to the future
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Next generation optical system
Nigeriasat-2 contract signed in
November 2006
– Hi-Res imager, 2.5m PAN & 5m GSD
4-band multispectral
20km swath
– Medium-Res Imager, 32m GSD
4-band multispectral
320km swath
– 7 year life
– Advanced imaging modes
– Dual X-band downlink (300Mbps)
– 150,000 km2 per day (1 station)
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SSTL 900 - Geostationary modular platform
“Beyond LEO” - designed for MEO, GEO, HEO, Interplanetary Orbits
Two variants:
– GMP-D, Direct Injection
– GMP-T, GTO Injection
Key parameters:
– 12+ year design life
– Station keeping through hydrazine or bi-prop propulsion system
– Modular & flexible design
– Payload accommodation (GMP-T)
• 200kg, 2.5kW (Typical comms)
• 260kg, 1.0kW (Other apps)
Flight heritage:
– ESA GIOVE-A (2005-)
– Development through ESA ARTES-4
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GIOVE-A Satellite
• GIOVE-A was the first Galileo Satellite
• Test bed for claiming ITU frequencies, flight testing Galileo equipment,
generating representative signals and characterising radiation environment –
required 2 year life (now operating for >4 years)
• Delivered in 28months for €28M; launched 28 December 2005, Navigation
signals generated 12 January 2006
• 2008 – ESA declares “Full Mission Success”
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Galileo – Full Operational Capability (FOC)
SSTL’s role in Galileo FOC:
– EC programme, ESA procurement
– Payload prime for 14 satellites
– Working with OHB-System
– £200m+ contract for SSTL
– Satellites ready from H2 2012
– Production line delivery of 1 satellite every
6 weeks
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Beyond LEO - the Moon
MoonLITE:
- A polar orbiter for communication, navigation plus orbital remote sensing
- Multiple micro-penetrators far-side and near-side deployment and in-situ geophysics & geochemistry
ESMO:
– European Student Moon Orbiter
– ESA & European Universities
– Launch 2014
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Ultra-high resolution EO system
SSTL can provide a system that is capable of providing
0.6-metre GSD (RGB) images of 95% of the Earth’s land
surface in 2.5 years
– Applications – mapping, web based GIS
The system includes…
– An ultra hi-res satellite
• 16km swath
• Final product, 0.6-metre GSD RGB imagery
– Ground network & systems…
Huge commercial potential:
– Raw imagery costs $0.20 /km2
(currently sold at $20 /km2)
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Project status
8/2008 – 7/2009 – “One Year, Seven Satellites”
Contracts underway for 9 further satellites:
– NigeriaSat-2 (2.5m, 5m, 32m) plus NX
– Vniiem “Kanopus” (3 satellite platforms)
– Sapphire – Canadian surveillance of space mission
– A rapid paced commercial mission
– Kazakhstan medium resolution imaging mission
– ESMO – European Student Moon Orbiter
– Galileo – 14 Navigation payloads
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Potential for Lithuania in Space
• Space is now part of our daily lives. Weather forecasting, satellite navigation, satellite television and long distance communication are all essential.
• Space is also necessary to solve problems which are increasingly global such as climate change, food security and fresh water management. Few of these problems stop at national borders.
• Space is a high tech industry, with a high value-added index per employee, and can therefore help improve the economy and develop export opportunities.
• A space programme must be sustainable. Applications using small satellites are a cost effective means to develop capability
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Changing the economics of space
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Changing the economics of space
Thank you
© Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.
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Tel: +44(0)1483803803 | Fax:+44(0)1483803804 | Email: [email protected] | Web:www.sstl.co.uk