1. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning Management Systems Josefina Guerrero-Garca, Juan Manuel Gonzlez-Calleros, Jaime Muoz-Arteaga, Miguel ngel Len-Chvez, Carlos Reyes-Garca Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla Universidad Autnoma de Aguascalientes Instituto Nacional de Astrofsica, ptica y Electrnica jguerrero@cs.buap.mx1 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

2. Plan 1. Introduction 2. State of the art 3. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning Management Systems 4. Conclusions2 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

3. Introduction The design of a learning process Links users to domain-specific information Collaboration spaces Knowledge transfer Knowledge generation. Efficient and stimulating Better and effective learning The strategy must consider at least: Design of learning content, Design of different ways to present content (textual, graphical or mixed) Considering different devices (PDA, mobile phones, laptop) Collaboration during learning process. Issues related to the context Learning Style3 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

4. 2. State of the Art4 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

5. State of the Art Criteria/Work (Jonassen (McDonald (Germn (Gonzalez et et al.) et al.) et al.) al) [19] Formal specification Activity Conceptual State Workflow technique theory framework machine Environment NonA C-Flow Cated Ecool Personalization + + - ++ Multiple User -- + -- ++ interface. Reverse engineering -- + -- ++ Customization + + + ++ Learning objects + ++ ++ ++ Multimedia content + ++ + ++ Traceability of - -- + ++ collaborative learning5 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

6. 3. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning Management Systems Formal Methodology6 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

7. 3.1 Formal Methodology (a) We argue that creating learning content is an activity that would benefit from the application of a development methodology which is typically composed of: 1. A set of models defined according to an ontology. 1. A set of descriptions of the concepts and relationships within a field of knowledge (learning process). 2. A language that expresses these models. M 1. Models are uniformly and univocally expressed according to a single Specification Language. 2. A genuine User Interface Description Language (UIDL) is needed based on a trilogy (semantics, syntax, stylistics) 3. A principle-based method manipulating these models based on guidelines. 1. The goal is not to come up with yet another Software Development Method but to reuse existing work and structure it accordingly.7 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

8. 3.1 Formal Methodology (b) Cont.. development methodology composed of: 4. A set of software Tools: A suite of software engineering tools that supports the designer and the developer during the development life cycle according to the method. The set of software tools required to support the development of learning content includes: Model editors to assist a designer in constructing the models. Design critics provide a designer with quality assessment facilities. Implementation tools translate a specification into a representation that can be used by a compiler, an interpreter or an interface builder.8 Transformation tools provide support to thePuebla 28/11/2011 WILE2011 designer to edit, store, and exe-cute model transformation rules.

9. 3.1 Formal Methodology (c) - Models W o rkflo w -id : S tring -nam es : S tring so u rceP ro cess targ etP ro cess -sourceP rocessId : S tring -targetP rocessId : S tring 1 1..* 1..* 1..* 1 1 P ro cess -id : S tring 1 p ro cessO p erato r 1..* p ro cessM o d el -nam e : S tring -id : S tring 1..* -frequency : Integer -nam e : S tring -im portance : Integer 0..* -category : Integer 1 O rg an izatio n al u n it 0..* Jo b so u rce targ et -id : S tring 1..* -nam e : S tring -id : S tring -souuceId : S tring -targetId : S tring -organizationO bjectives : S tring -nam e : S tring 1..* 1..* 2..* -organizationR ules : S tring 1..* T ask 1..* 1..* -id : S tring 1 1 0..* -nam e : S tring T ask R eso u rce 1..* 1..* -category : S tring 1 taskR elatio n sh ip s 1..* taskM o d el -frequency : Integer -id : S tring -im portance : Integer -nam e : S tring -term inationV alue : S tring 0..* 1 -taskT ype : S tring -taskItem : S tring -preC ondition : S tring 0..* 1..* tem p o ral U serS tereo typ e Im m aterial M aterial d eco m p o sitio n - -id : S tring 0..1 -stereotypeN am e : S tring -taskE xperience : S tring -system E xperience : S tring -deviceE xsperience : S tring -taskM otivation : S tring 1..*9 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

10. 3.1 Formal Methodology (d) - Language Language Engineering Approach Semantics Meta Models, UML Class diagrams Syntax Abstract XML Schema Concrete XML Stylistics Different graphical representations of the concepts10 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

11. 3.1 Formal Methodology (e) - Language UsiXML Structured accordingly to the Model Driven paradigm UsiXML relies on a transformational approach UsiXML allows the modification of the developments steps UsiXML allows reusing parts of previously specified UsiXML is open11 Follows a Language Engineering Approach WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

12. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method A structured catalog of transformation rules Task and Domain Model Model to that form a body of design knowledge that Model can be reused in any method Abstract UI Model Model to Model Concrete UI Model Code Generatio n Final UI12 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

13. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on Domain Model Guidelines A set of Principles area added Model to model to the method Guidelines Abstract UI Model Based on Guidelines Task patterns Canonical list of task types Model to Automatic model Evaluation Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor Model Code Generatio Code n Generatio n Final UI Final UI13 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

14. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model Guidelines Model to Model Automatic Evaluation Canonical list of task types Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor Model Code Generatio n Final UI14 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

15. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model Guidelines Model to Automatic Model Evaluation Concrete UI Model Usability Advisor Refined Concrete UI Facet Selection Model Code Generatio n 3D User Interface15 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

16. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Element Select Input Abstract UI Based on Model Guidelines Model to Automatic Model Evaluation Slider Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor Model AIO Selection Code Generatio n Final UI16 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

17. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model Guidelines Model to Automatic Model Evaluation Concrete UI Usability Refined Concrete UI Graphical representation Model Advisor Model selection Code Generatio n Final UI17 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

18. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model Guidelines Model to Model Automatic Evaluation Automatic guidelines evaluation Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor Model Code Generatio n Final UI18 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

19. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model Guidelines Model to Automatic Model Evaluation Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor Model Code Generatio n Final UI19 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

20. 3. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning Management Systems 2. Framework20 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

21. 3.2 Framework21 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

22. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor22 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

23. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor We live in a multicultural environment Learning must adapt to such differences Adding the multicultural characteristic going beyond regions is a real challenge. Support to define different MLO adopting different learning strategies: Constructivist, generative learning, LO model is needed. Compatible with standards. LOs are conveyed includes: web pages, PDF documents, video and/or audio content, animations, and virtual reality to mention a few. Reuse social networks to store multimedia content slideshare (slides), Wikipedia (free encyclopedia), YouTube (videos), Picasa (photos), among other, to share content, we can avoid storing multimedia in the LOs repositories. The integration of access to social networks is essential to give versatility to the CMS.23 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

24. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor The ultimate goal is to automate this method in a software tool A content management system (CMS) for creating MLO. Integrating multimedia from social networks , such as: slideshare (slides), Wikipedia (free encyclopedia), YouTube (videos), Picasa (photos), among other, to share content, Including guidelines to support the method is desirable for the systematic creation of MLO. Wizard-Based recommendation system CMS preserving ergonomics, guidelines, heuristics24 and usability principle WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

25. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor25 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

26. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design26 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

27. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design Online services assisting the learning process design Structuring academic courses Relevant and adaptable to the context of students Including learning styles recognition Integrating those efforts and to connect them to MLO repository is more than just a technological problem. Content adaptation Learning styles identification Courses creation27 Assist teachers WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

28. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design A mechanism to assist teachers for creating a course Reusing material available in the MLO format. Integrating pedagogical recommendations to create a system of guidelines for the creation of courses Identifying multicultural issues in education Identifying different forms of education (classroom, mixed, distance) Integrating this information in the specification of a learning process Integrating intelligent management of information28 in the learning process WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

29. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design Integration of guidelines to use the tool for defining courses content, assistive interaction is needed (wizard, intelligent agent) to guide teachers in this activity. The manager must have a content editor for courses. A learning process can be described as a workflow model that is composed of tasks, resources and places where education takes place. The workflow model is recursively decomposed into learning processes which are in turn decomposed into tasks. Support to different learning types and approaches to learn, this is believed to occur as a progressive series of tasks29 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 So, a workflow model can be used to plan and to

30. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design30 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

31. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design31 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

32. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design32 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

33. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design33 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

34. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design34 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

35. Algunas IU para las tareas35 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

36. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design The editor must be based on ergonomic guidelines should be taken into account in the development of this editor, for their good design will allow for easy use. This method should also consider elements such as academic monitoring, assessments Using the method of assessment adaptation Practices and exercises, and other traditional elements considered in a course. The systematic creation of courses based on a method will allow having more quality content.36 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

37. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System37 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

38. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System38 Puebla WILE2011 28/11/2011

39. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System39 Puebla WILE2011 28/11/2011

40. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System40 Puebla WILE2011 28/11/2011

41. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System Usar modelos permiten crear IU sistemticamente GrafiXML41 Puebla WILE2011 28/11/2011

42. Qu es el diseo basado en modelos? Para crear IU sistemticamente GrafiXML42 Puebla WILE2011 28/11/2011

43. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System43 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

44. 4. Conclusions44 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

45. Conclusions 1. An alternative method for the automatic generation of Collaborative Multiplatform Scenarios with Interactive Learning Objects. Note:This implies: a change in the current paradigm from eLearning to mLearning (Mobile Learning) to mpLearning (Multiplatform learning) 2. The overall learning process is seen as a workflow. 3. This approach introduces a flow control that allows tackling at the same time, the problem of divergence in individual learning and the definition of the learning process in terms of collaboration agents and processes. 4. The introduction of a meta-description (in UsiXML) that is going to aid in the process of generation of multiple Uis. WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/201145

46. Future Work Social Network Integration Sharing content Creating the social network Considering more advanced UserInterface Generation support Adaptive Adaptable Migratory Graceful degradation Virtual Reality46 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

47. Thank you very much Josefina Guerrero-Garca, Juan Manuel Gonzlez-Calleros, Jaime Muoz-Arteaga, Miguel ngel Len-Chvez, Carlos Reyes- Garca Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla Universidad Autnoma de Aguascalientes Instituto Nacional de Astrofsica, ptica y Electrnica jguerrero@cs.buap.mxPage 47 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011