challenges of simulation model validation for renewable ... · power loss analysis. power factor...
TRANSCRIPT
Challenges of Simulation Model Validation for Renewable ResourcesPresented at MIPSYCON 2018 by:Daniel Durbak and Dinemayer Silva
usa.siemens.com/digitalgridUnrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 2 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Overview
1
2
3
4
5
Introduction
Plant Configurations
Power Loss Analysis
Power Factor & Power Flow Analysis
Dynamic Simulations – Stability Analysis
Electro-magnetic Transient Simulations
Summary & Discussion
6
7
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 3 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Introduction
Who we are:
• Dinemayer Silva: Manager Consulting ~ Stability Analysis
• Daniel Durbak: Principal Consultant & Senior Key Expert ~ Insulation Coordination Studies
• Siemens PTI: the house of simulation software tools and network consulting
We have experienced the challenges of validating the simulation models for many plants with renewable resources.
1
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 4 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Introduction
Key software tools discussed today:
• PSS®E- positive sequence power flow analysis & dynamic simulations for stability analysis• Siemens PTI
• PYTHON – programming language for custom automation tools
• E-TRAN: creates PSCAD transmission system models from PSS®E power flow models• Electranix Corporation
• PSCADTM/EMTDCTM - Electro-magnetic transient simulations in three phase• Manitoba HVDC Research Centre a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
The software tools continue to evolve with new models for renewables
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 5 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Introduction
Key drivers:
• ISOs and bankers request accurate models for power flow analysis in the early stages of project development to determine plant feasibility with the transmission system.
• Design and equipment changes can result in delays for approval
• Requirement for PSS®E results to be reasonably consistent with PSCAD
• PSCAD models that survive events in a weak system
The industry is clamoring for more accurate simulation models and data for plants with renewable resources.
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 6 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Plant Configurations
Solar Farm Single Line Diagram from EPCHV Gen-tie line
Main step-up power transformerN invertors
N Padmount distribution transformers Each collector section length & cable type specified
2
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 7 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Power Loss Analysis
Wind Farm PSS®E Slider Diagram1 Gen-tie line1 Main step-up transformer N generatorsN padmount transformers Every collector cable sectionDetailed Representation derived from EPC design
3
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 8 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Power Loss Analysis
Plant Gross P Production
P levels - 12 stair steps
Hours from estimated 8760-Hour Net Energy Time Series
Annual MWh energy production is same
0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.450.500.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.00
0
730
1460
2190
2920
3650
4380
5110
5840
6570
7300
8030
8760
Pow
er G
ener
ated
(pu
)
Hours
Net.power.pad (pu)
Steps
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 9 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Power Loss Analysis
The power loss results from 12 power flow cases show the impact of the major component types.
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 10 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Power Factor and Power Flow Analysis
Typical Requirements:• Minimum 0.95 power factor at the POI (i.e., Q at least 33% of rated P)
• Performance comparable to an equivalent synchronous generation unit
Typical Equipment Needs to be Determined:• Switched Shunt Capacitors
• Switched Shunt Reactors
• DVAR
4
The detailed power flow model is used for the analysis.
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 11 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Power Factor and Power Flow Analysis
Typical Requirements:
• V & Q control objectives to be agreed upon by plant owner, transmission owner and ISO
Typical Equipment Needs to be Determined:
• Solar inverter or wind turbine generator controls
• PPC voltage control point and settings
• Fixed Taps or On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) settings for transformers
Model must agree with requirements
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 12 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Power Factor and Power Flow Analysis
Equivalent RepresentationUsed for transmission system impact studies (SIS).• Gen-tie = same• Main step-up transformer = same• Equivalent generator = N x MVA, N x P, N x Q• Padmount transformer = N x MVA • Equivalent collector cable R + jX, B = Derived from EPC design
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 13 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Dynamic Simulations – Stability AnalysisPSS®E Dynamic Library Models for Renewable Resources:
5
Requirement: PSS®E results to be reasonably consistent with PSCAD
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 14 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Dynamic Simulations – Stability Analysis
Typical Tests to Perform to Validate Model:• Flat run (steady state without switching)
• Ring down (fault cleared without switching)
• Fault with all lines in (N-0 to N-1)
• Fault with one line out (N-1 to N-2)
• Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)
• Frequency Reference Step Response
• Power Reference Step Response
• Voltage Reference Step Response
• Shunt Capacitor Switching
The equivalent plant model is used for the analysis.
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 15 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Electro-magnetic Transient Simulations
• The PSCAD/EMTDC model of the power system in the vicinity of the Plant is derived from the PSS®E positive sequence power flow model using the E-TRAN program.
• Substitute the manufacturer’s inverter model for the load flow generator.• Add PPC model (i.e. REPCAU1 equivalent)
T-LineE_119993_200_1E
PROJECT_
N200 34.5115.0
E
:1
PROJECT_
N300 T-LineE_300_400_1
E
PROJECT
N400
J
0.634.5
E
:1
PROJECT_
N500
VN500~
E20.04.112 E_500_0_1Inverter
Solar
12
REPCAU1Pref
IQ
Vt
Qref Qt
Vt
PPC%
6
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 16 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Solar Farm with Rapid Rebound
Three phase fault near the Plant with normal clearing
The P & Q outputs from the Plant rebounds rapidly to pre-fault levels
PSS®E results are compared with PSCAD/EMTDC - reasonably similar
Electro-magnetic Transient Simulations
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 17 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Solar Farm with Ramp Rebound
Three phase fault near the Plant with normal clearing
The P & Q outputs from the Plant rebounds to pre-fault levels with a definite ramp (about 1 s).
PSS®E results are compared with PSCAD/EMTDC - reasonably similar
Electro-magnetic Transient Simulations
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 18 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Summary
Many pitfalls regarding the validation of simulation models for plants with renewable resources.
Key Challenges:• PSS®E Power Flow: Plant model perfectly consistent with EPC design and specifications
• PSS®E Dynamic: Library model (data) reasonable consistent with PSCAD model.
• E-TRAN: Picking a set of busses and parameters for a reasonable transmission system model.
• PSCAD:• Merging renewable source model with E-TRAN derived system model
• Proper initializing to match PSS®E Power Flow
• Surviving events in a weak system
It takes team work to get all pieces of the simulation models to fit together.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
7
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 19 usa.siemens.com/digitalgridAuthor / DepartmentYYYY-MM-DDRestricted © Siemens AG 20XX
Page 19
Discussion
Unrestricted © Siemens Industry, Inc. 2018
November 7, 2018Page 20 usa.siemens.com/digitalgrid
Contact Information
Siemens Industry, Inc.400 State StreetSchenectady, NY 12305, USA
Daniel DurbakPrincipal Consultant, Senior Key Expert+1 518 [email protected]
Dinemayer SilvaManager Consulting+1 518 [email protected]/digitalgrid