challenges for large-scale bioenergy production in the world · challenges for large-scale...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World
Carlos H Brito Cruz
Science Director
FAPESP
120130325 scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
![Page 2: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fapesp: São Paulo Research Foundation
• Mission: support research in all fields
• Funded by the taxpayer in the State of São Paulo with 1% of all state revenues
• All proposals are peer reviewed (26,000 proposals in 2014)
– Average time for decision – 65 days
• Expenditures 2014: $PPP 500 M
– Fellowships
• 2,500 SI, 1,800 MSc, 3,500 DrSc, 1,800 Post-docs, 800 other
– Academic R&D
• RIDC/11 yrs, Thematic/5 yrs, Young Investigator/4 yrs, Regular/2 yrs
– University-Industry Joint R&D:
• Microsoft, Agilent, Braskem, Oxiteno, SABESP, VALE, Natura, Petrobrás, Embraer, Padtec, Biolab, Cristalia, Boeing , GSK, BP, BG, PSA (Peugeot-Citröen), ... (total of 100+ companies)
• Engineering Research Centers (ERC): PSA, Natura, GSK, BG
– Small bussiness R&D: 1,200 SBE’s (two awards per week in 2014)
20130325 2scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
![Page 3: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FAPESP’s Bioeconomy Research Programs
• BIOEN - bioenergy– Initiated 2009– 300+ Pis (52 foreign); core of fundamental resaearch– Connections to application through partnership with companies
• Oxiteno, Braskem, Dedini, ETH, BP, Microsoft Research, Boeing, Peugeot-Citroen
– Training: Joint Graduate Course USP/Unicamp/UNESP (started 2014)
• BIOTA – biodiversity– Initiated 1997– 200+ Pis
• FGCCRP – Global Climate Change– Initiated 2009– 100+ PIs
20130325 3scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
![Page 4: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bioenergy drivers
• Energy security
• Mitigating climate change
• Regional development
20130325 4scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
![Page 5: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Energy consumptionOECD and Non-OECD
520130325
Source: International Energy Outlook 2009
Estimate for 2010
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
![Page 6: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mitigating wedges:Carbon emissions reduction in NPS
620130325
Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2012
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
Bioenergy
Wind
Solar
Biofuels
23%
15%
![Page 7: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WHAT DOES A REAL WORLD WEDGE POLICY LOOKS LIKE?
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN 720130325
![Page 8: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1980-2013: change in energy sources in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN 820130325
Oil and oil products
Hydroelectricity
Sugar cane
Other
Natural gas
14%
62%
32%
38%
State of São Paulo
• 42 million people
• 32% of Brazil’s GNP
• 55% of Brazilian
ethanol production
1980 – 2013
• Oil down from 62%
to 38%
• Cane up from 14%
to 32%
Source: Balanço Energético SP, 2008-2014 (values from 1980-1990 interpolated for visualization)
![Page 9: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Vehicles per population
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN 920130325
SÃO PAULO CITY
SÃO PAULO STATE
BRAZIL
![Page 10: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
São Paulo: Land Use Change, 1970-2006
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN 1020130325
Forest
Agriculture
Pasture
Source: Boddey, R.M, “GHG Emission Mitigation Though Ethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil”, Circular Técnica Embrapa 27 (04/2009)
Sugarcane x Pasture:
fixation of 0,5 Mg C/ha.yr
![Page 11: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
95% of cars sold monthly are Flex-Fuel (FF
in Brazil: E10 – E100)
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN 1120130325
First FF cars
launched
95%
cars sold
in Apr09
![Page 12: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ethanol and Gasoline use in Brazil
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN 1220130325
Source: ANP, 2012 and author tabulations
![Page 13: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sugarcane for ethanol uses 0,6% of total area
1320130325
Area used for sugarcane for ethanol (4,8
MHa, 0,6%)
Area used for agriculture (76,7 MHa, 9%)
Rural properties area (355 MHa, 42%)
Total country area (851 MHa, 100%)
Source: Horta Nogueira e Seabra (2008)
modified for 2008 data
Small bioenergy footprint
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
![Page 14: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Biofuels, according to the Nuffield Council on Bioethics
1) Biofuels development should not be at the expense of people‘s essential rights (including access to sufficient food and water, health rights, work rights and land entitlements).
2) Biofuels should be environmentally sustainable.3) Biofuels should contribute to a net reduction of total greenhouse gas
emissions and not exacerbate global climate change.4) Biofuels should develop in accordance with trade principles that are fair
and recognize the rights of people to just reward (including labour rights and intellectual property rights).
5) Costs and benefits of biofuels should be distributed in an equitable way.
6) If the first five Principles are respected and if biofuels can play a crucial role in mitigating dangerous climate change then, depending on additional key considerations, there is a duty to develop such biofuels.
20130325 14scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN
Nuffield Council on Bioethics, “Biofuels: Ethical Issues” (http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/biofuels-0).
![Page 15: Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World · Challenges for Large-scale Bioenergy Production in the World ... $PPP 500 M –Fellowships • 2,500 SI, ... Horta](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013102/5c41a46d93f3c338d754ee89/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
scope-20150414.pptx; FAPESP BIOEN 1520130325