Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

Governing the ColoniesGoverning the Colonies

- English colonists expected certain rights that came from - English colonists expected certain rights that came from living under an English government called the “rights of living under an English government called the “rights of Englishmen”Englishmen”

-Most of these rights were established under the Most of these rights were established under the MagnaMagna CartaCarta in A.D. 1215 (noblemen could not have their properties seized in A.D. 1215 (noblemen could not have their properties seized by kings & they had a right to trial by jury)by kings & they had a right to trial by jury)

- The Magna Carta limited the powers of the king and over - The Magna Carta limited the powers of the king and over time all English people were granted these rightstime all English people were granted these rights

Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

Parliament & Colonial GovernmentParliament & Colonial Government

- - ParliamentParliament, England’s chief lawmaking body, was the , England’s chief lawmaking body, was the colonists’ model for representative governmentcolonists’ model for representative government

- Most colonists wanted a say in the laws governing them, so - Most colonists wanted a say in the laws governing them, so they formed their own elected assemblies that imposed taxes they formed their own elected assemblies that imposed taxes and managed the colonies (and managed the colonies (Bi-cameral legisBi-cameral legislature-law making bodylature-law making body made made up of The House of Burgess and Council of the State)up of The House of Burgess and Council of the State)

- The king of England appointed royal governors to rule some - The king of England appointed royal governors to rule some of the colonies on his behalf, but the colonists greatly disliked of the colonies on his behalf, but the colonists greatly disliked the laws they passed (privy-council-set laws and policies)the laws they passed (privy-council-set laws and policies)

Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

The Dominion of New EnglandThe Dominion of New England

- Because King James II wanted to rule England and its - Because King James II wanted to rule England and its colonies with total authority, the colonists were no longer colonies with total authority, the colonists were no longer allowed to practice self-government (allowed to practice self-government (Dominion of New England)Dominion of New England)

- Many colonists had rebelled against the British, especially - Many colonists had rebelled against the British, especially after the Navigation Acts were implemented, and felt the king after the Navigation Acts were implemented, and felt the king had no right to impose laws on themhad no right to impose laws on them

- King James II sent the royal governor, - King James II sent the royal governor, Edmund AndrosEdmund Andros, to , to the New England colonies to end their representative the New England colonies to end their representative assemblies and town governments that had been set up.assemblies and town governments that had been set up.

Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

- With their assemblies outlawed - With their assemblies outlawed (Andros), some colonists refused to pay (Andros), some colonists refused to pay taxes (they felt being taxed without taxes (they felt being taxed without having a voice in government violated having a voice in government violated their rights) WOULDN’T YOU??their rights) WOULDN’T YOU??

- Fortunately, a revolution in England - Fortunately, a revolution in England swept King James II & Governor Andros swept King James II & Governor Andros from power starting “England’s Glorious from power starting “England’s Glorious Revolution”Revolution”

Edmund AndrosEdmund Andros

Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

England’s Glorious RevolutionEngland’s Glorious Revolution

- In A.D. 1688, the English Parliament overthrew King James for - In A.D. 1688, the English Parliament overthrew King James for not respecting their Protestant rights, since he was a Catholicnot respecting their Protestant rights, since he was a Catholic

- King James’ Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, - King James’ Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William were offered the crown after King James II fledWilliam were offered the crown after King James II fled

- This change in leadership was called England’s - This change in leadership was called England’s GloriousGlorious RevolutionRevolution

- William & Mary agreed to uphold the - William & Mary agreed to uphold the English Bill of Rights of English Bill of Rights of 16891689, which was an agreement to respect the rights of English , which was an agreement to respect the rights of English citizens and power of Engllish Monarchy was on the Decline.citizens and power of Engllish Monarchy was on the Decline.

Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

-The king or queen could not cancel laws or impose taxes The king or queen could not cancel laws or impose taxes unless unless Parliament agreedParliament agreed, which further strengthened the , which further strengthened the rights of the people rights of the people

- The American colonists quickly claimed these rights, placed - The American colonists quickly claimed these rights, placed Edmund Andros in jail, and asked Parliament to restore their old Edmund Andros in jail, and asked Parliament to restore their old government government

Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

Colonial GovernmentColonial Government

- Colonists regained self- - Colonists regained self- government, but still had to government, but still had to answer to a royal governoranswer to a royal governor

- From 1689 – 1753, England - From 1689 – 1753, England interfered very little in colonial interfered very little in colonial affairs, which was a policy affairs, which was a policy called called salutary neglectsalutary neglect

- The colonists got used to - The colonists got used to acting on their own with very acting on their own with very little English interferencelittle English interference

Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Ch.5, Sec.1 – Roots of Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

The Zenger TrialThe Zenger Trial

- Colonists moved toward gaining - Colonists moved toward gaining a new right, freedom of the press, a new right, freedom of the press, in A.D. 1735in A.D. 1735

- - John Peter ZengerJohn Peter Zenger, editor of the , editor of the New York Weekly JournalNew York Weekly Journal, stood , stood trial for printing criticism of New trial for printing criticism of New York’s governorYork’s governor

- Zenger won his trial (from - Zenger won his trial (from ury)from his attorney (Remember ury)from his attorney (Remember who?) claiming people had the who?) claiming people had the right to speak the truth!right to speak the truth!